储层条件下波速的变化规律及其影响因素的实验研究

为了在模拟储层的温度压力条件下,更精确地测定大庆砂岩样品在干燥、饱水和饱油等不同情况下的纵、横波速及其变化规律,首先对由于岩石的非完全弹性而引起的隐伏效应、滞后效应等因素对波速测量的影响进行了分析,提出了相应的改进方法以提高测试的精度．实验结果表明,波速随压力的增大以对数形式增加,随温度的升高呈线性减小．通过实测数据的分析和计算,提出了压力影响系数和温度影响系数,且认为它们与岩性参数有关．     

Retrieval of outgoing longwave radiation from COMS narrowband infrared imagery

Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed.     

四川盆地大气边界层气象资料数据系统

本文介绍在IBM-PC微机(或兼容机)上利用DBASEⅡ、BASIC和FOR-TRAN语言设计和研制的一套大气边界层气象资料数据库软件系统,给出它的主要结构和功能。该系统实现了大气边界层气象资料共享和信息化处理,不但操作简便、快速、准确、稳定性好,而且具有较强的通用性和较大的实用价值。     

转报通信协议的Petri net描述和检验

本文论述了作者引用和设计的用于微机转报网络的两个通信协议,并用Petri net进行描述和检验。分析结果表明:协议1适用于理想信道环境,协议2有广泛的实用性,在噪声信道环境下也能保持协议的合法性,网络不会出现死锁、死环。     

Modeling fish growth and reproduction in the context of the Dynamic Energy Budget theory to predict environmental impact on anchovy spawning duration

Spawning location and timing are critical for understanding fish larval survival. The impact of a changing environment on spawning patterns is, however, poorly understood. A novel approach is to consider the impact of the environment on individual life histories and subsequent spawnings. In the present work, we extend the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory to investigate how environment variability impacts the spawning timing and duration of a multiple-batch spawning species. The model is successfully applied to reproduce the growth and reproduction of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay. The model captures realistically the start and ending of the spawning season, including the timing of the spawning events, and the change in egg number per batch. Using a realistic seasonal forcing of temperature and food availability derived from a bio-physical model, our simulation results show that two thirds of the total spawned mass already accumulates before the start of the spawning season and that the condition factor increases with body length. These simulation results are in accordance with previous estimations and observations on growth and reproduction of anchovy. Furthermore, we show how individuals of equal length can differ in reproductive performance according to the environmental conditions they encounter prior to the spawning season. Hatch date turns out to be key for fecundity at age-1 as it partly controls the ability to build up reserves allocated to reproduction. We suggest the model can be used to realistically predict spawning in spatially and temporally varying environments and provide initial conditions for bio-physical models used to predict larval survival.     

金沙江流域（云南段）砂金成因类型及其找矿前景

根据成矿作用、成矿环境及矿床特征，金沙江流域（云南段）砂金矿床，可划分为：残坡积、洪积、冲洪积、冲积和冰碛等五种类型。成矿主要受碰撞带、深大断裂、大断裂及其派生断裂、基底岩石、地貌、水质和水化学环境等综合控制。以巨甸－大具及中江街－金江街两片区最具有找矿前景。     

我国气象科学数据发布策略初步研究

气象科学数据发布策略的研究是气象科学数据共享工作有效展开的重要保障.该文在国内外气象科学数据发布政策分析和制订气象科学数据共享发布策略原则的基础上,就气象科学数据发布方式和影响因子从气象科学数据发布方式、气象科学数据发布方式的影响因子、气象科学数据发布模式和发布策略概念模型、气象科学数据共享分类分级、共享用户分级、气象科学数据共享发布技术方式和途径等诸方面简明地介绍了我国气象科学数据发布策略研究的主要观点和意见,使读者对我国气象科学数据发布策略有一个比较全面的了解.     

赤水市大气负氧离子的时空特征及与气象因子的关系

利用2016年5月—2017年4月赤水市境内复兴驿站、古迹驿站及相邻县市内共6个大气负氧离子自动观测点和气象站的观测资料,分析了赤水市大气负氧离子浓度的时空变化特征及其与气象因子的关系。参照世界卫生组织制定的空气负氧离子等级标准,区划赤水市空气负氧离子的等级。结果表明:(1)赤水市日均大气负氧离子浓度5 056个/m3,高于临近县市的负氧离子浓度,白天略高于夜间,远超过负氧离子含量的一级标准;(2)年均大气负氧离子浓度为5 125个/m3,各季节浓度相差不大;(3)赤水市大气负氧离子浓度空间分布规律为复兴站古迹站,景区大于街道;与邻近县市比较,植被覆盖率大的区域大气负氧离子浓度高于植被覆盖率小的区域;(4)不同天气条件下大气负氧离子与气象因子的相关性不同。在雨日,大气负氧离子与气温、气压、水汽压相关;无雨日,大气负氧离子与日照相关;同时,白天雨相对于大气负氧离子浓度的增加较夜雨更为明显。     

均质土坡的安全系数

本文用变分法的基本理论的方法，推导出了均质土坡稳定性在平面应变情况下的基本方程，将简单边坡无粘性土（Ｃ＝０）与纯粘性土ψ＝０）的情况作为特例导出了相应的计算方法与计算公式，并对传统的条分法与土坡临界高度计算方法进行了讨论。     

安徽省雾、霾、晴空天气的气象条件对比分析

使用2008~2012年逐日地面观测资料,揭示了安徽不同地区雾、霾、晴空天气气象条件的差异,指出不同地区要根据本地特点建立雾、霾预报指标和预报方法。3类天气差异最大的地面气象要素是能见度和相对湿度。根据3种天气前一日和当日能见度和相对湿度分布特征,全省站点可以分为3类:1)从雾、霾到晴空,能见度递增、相对湿度递减,且差异显著,如合肥站;2)雾、霾天的能见度和相对湿度均很接近,但与晴空天差别较大,如阜阳站;3)能见度在雾、霾天无明显差别,但相对湿度在雾、霾天差异显著,如安庆站。地级市测站雾后即霾的可能性较大(大于50%),县城测站雾后即霾的可能性较低(低于25%)。垂直方向,雾时相对湿度随高度下降很快,850 h Pa中位值已降到20%(安庆)和45%(阜阳)以下,霾时相对湿度随高度下降缓慢,850 h Pa中位值仍在60%左右;另外,霾天边界层中上部风切变较小,雾天和晴空天边界层中上部都存在较大的风切变。