Hydrochemical aspects of the negro river,patagonia, argentina

Water samples collected in the Negro River drainage basin (Patagonia, Argentina) during two different field trips—the first in May 1972 and the second in January 1973—were analysed for the major dissolved inorganic constituents. Q-mode factor analyses demonstrate that two factors account for over 98 per cent of the variance in both sample suites. They represent: a) the direct influence of solution of evaporites and associated carbonate rocks in an arid environment-type; b) the influence of the weathering products of metamorphic, igneous rocks, and varied non-calcareous sediments. R-mode factor analyses of the two sets of data suggest that although the main mechanisms controlling water chemistry were essentially the same, the principal sources of dissolved solids differed significantly in each separate occasion. Further, the major mechanisms controlling its water chemistry are within a wide spectrum of the so-called ‘rock dominance’.     

Using simulated data to investigate the spatial patterns of obesity prevalence at the census tract level in metropolitan Detroit

Obesity is a serious public health problem in the United States. It is important to estimate obesity prevalence at the local level to target programmatic and policy interventions. It is challenging, however, to obtain local estimates of obesity prevalence because national health surveys such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are not designed to produce direct estimates at the local levels (e.g. census tracts) due to small population samples and the need to preserve individual confidentiality. In this study we address the problem of estimating local obesity prevalence rates by implementing a spatial microsimulation modeling technique to proportionally replicate the demographic characteristics of BRFSS respondents to census tract populations in metropolitan Detroit. Obesity prevalence rates are examined for high and low spatial clusters and studied in relation to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) measures of low-income neighborhoods and local food deserts and CDC's measure of healthy and less healthy food environments currently used to target obesity reduction initiatives. This study found that obesity prevalence was largely clustered in the City of Detroit extending north into contiguous suburbs. The spatial patterns of highest obesity prevalence tracts were most similarly aligned with USDA-defined low-income tracts and CDC's less healthy food tracts. The locations of USDA's food desert tracts rarely overlapped with the highest obesity prevalence tracts. This study demonstrated a new methodology by which to assess local areas in need of future obesity interventions.     

Ｌ波段高空气象探测系统应用技术分析

针对当前气象信息业务人员紧张,保障人员工作任务繁重的现状,研发了基于SqlServer数据库的气象信息监控报警平台。本文介绍了该系统的设计思路、框架结构及数据流程,并探讨了实现过程中一些关键问题的解决方案。     

1961-2012年江苏省霾日时空变化特征及影响因素分析

利用1961—2012年江苏省69个地面气象站观测资料和2012年苏州市大气气溶胶观测资料,在对霾日进行判识和筛选的基础上,分析江苏省霾日的时空变化特征及霾与气象条件和污染物的关系。结果表明：1961—2012年江苏省各站年总霾日数均呈上升趋势,85％的台站呈极显著上升趋势;江苏省年平均霾日数呈显著上升趋势,其中2011—2012年呈急剧上升趋势;1980年前霾日的空间分布差异不明显,1980年后,沿江和苏南地区为霾的高发区,东部沿海大部地区霾日较少。霾天气主要发生在冬季和春季,以12月和1月发生最多。降水少和风速小有利于霾天气的发生;除SO2外,PM10、PM2.5和NO2等污染物浓度随着霾等级的增加而增大,其中PM2.5浓度增大明显。     

中国西北地区气象因子对夯土遗址裂隙发育的影响

中国西北地区遗存有大量的土遗址,其种类繁多,形式各异,时刻遭受各类气象因子的影响,裂隙是其普遍发育的病害之一。为了更好地研究气象因子对夯土遗址裂隙发育的影响,本文基于近5a对分布于甘肃和青海境内的多处明代夯土遗址开展的工程实践,分析了降雨、蒸发、温度、日温差和日照等主要气象要素对裂隙发育的影响,较好地揭示了我国西北地区夯土遗址裂隙发育的气象环境效应。分析结果表明：（1）随着降雨量的增大,蒸发量的减小（即干旱指数的减小）,温度的降低和日照的减弱,裂隙发育率、平均裂隙长度和最大裂隙长度整体趋于增大,且相对潮湿的自然环境更能促进宽大裂隙的后期发育;（2）随着降雨量的减小,蒸发量的增大（即干旱指数的增大）,温度的升高和日照的增强,平均裂隙宽度和最大裂隙宽度整体趋于增大,且干旱状态的自然环境更能促进微小裂隙的前期发育;（3）气象环境对遗址的影响是一个复杂的过程,影响的因素较多,且往往是同时进行、相互影响和相互促进的,其对土遗址所产生的影响结果是相似的。     

辽南大莲花泡全新世地层中某些元素分布规律及古环境意义

在辽南大莲花泡全新世地层早、中、晚 3个沉积阶段中 Ca元素含量表现为低 -高 -低变化 ,Al,Mg,Cr,Ni,Cu,V,B,Mn等元素呈高 -低 -高分布。因子分析揭示出控制元素这种分布的主要因素是碎屑成因和生物成因。Ca元素的“稀释剂”作用改变了其他元素的实际含量 ,造成与干凉 -暖湿 -干凉的全新世气候变化不相匹配的假象。     

Evaluation of geochemical behavior and heavy metal distribution of sediments：The case study of the Tirumalairajan river estuary,southeast coast of India

The purpose of this study was to assess the chemical partitioning of selected heavy metals(Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Co and Ni) in 10 surface sediments at Tirumalairajan River Estuary in the southeastern coast of India.A five-step sequential extraction technique was used to assess the environmental status of heavy metals.Most of metals were considered to be immobile due to the high availability in the residual fraction of heavy metals.The sediments of Tirumalairajan River estuary had not been polluted by heavy metals,and they didn’t pose any high ecological risk.The seasonal variations of heavy metals were slightly higher in summer than in monsoon season.Factor analysis was also carned out to understand the associations of metals in different fractions with sand,silt,clay,organic matter,pH,salinity and other metals.The relationship between the Q-mode and R-mode cluster analyses was useful for identifying the pollution levels in both seasons.It was proved that the enrichment of heavy metals was related with geogenic and anthropogenic sources.The information on total metal concentrations in sediments was not sufficient for assessing the metal behavior in the environment,but the sequential extraction technique was more effective in estimating the environmental impact of contaminated sediments.     

新疆气象台站迁移及其对气候变化分析的影响

由于诸多原因,如城乡规划建设、外部环境遭受破坏和工作环境需要改善等,新疆现有105个国家基准气候站、国家基本气象站和一般气象站从1950年起到2004年,搬迁达73个站150次,占全区地面气象站总数的70%。气象台站搬迁在某种程度上会影响观测数据的连续性和一致性,特别对于气候变化分析工作,更要求数据的历史延续性。本文分析了新疆台站迁移状况以及台站迁移后对数据连续性的影响,为使用这些数据的研究人员分析研究新疆气候变化提供了很好的参考信息。     

大孔径闪烁仪观测中的相似理论适用性分析

利用2009年馆陶站(1-12月)和阿柔站(1-6月和10-11月)的大孔径闪烁仪LAS相关数据,分析了LAS观测中莫宁—奥布霍夫相似理论MOST理论的适用性,并探讨了MOST理论适用性的定量判断方法.结果表明:(1)在不稳定条件下,大尺度涡旋运动、大气湍流发展状况和温度尺度都能对MOST理论适用性产生显著影响;(2)确立了两种新的MOST理论适用性判断方法,即因子分析法和温度结构参数法,并验证了这两种判断方法是合理、可靠的.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前气象地温异常特征分析

通过对青海省气象部门观测的3．2m气象地温资料相关距平、均值的处理和分析，总结了各自的异常形态。结果表明，3．2m气象地温异常对中震有一定的中长期前兆意义，作为预报地震的辅助手段是可行的。