Extended Sediment Quality Rating for Trace Elements in Urban Waters – Case Study Klinke,Germany

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) commits European Union member states to achieving good ecological status in all water bodies by 2015. For sediments the definition of good chemical status is based on numerical sediment quality guidelines. The aqua regia fraction is thus used for the evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in sediments. The chemical constituents in sediments responsible for mobility and toxicity are not considered generally. This article presents the combining of the sequential BCR procedure, for determining the chemical species of relevant elements, with the geoaccumulation index principle a numerical classification method for sediment quality guidelines. Using the BCR method it can be demonstrated that changes in element speciation can lead to more highly mobile species of trace elements which may affect the hazardous potential of sediments despite the “good chemical status” classification for aqua regia digestions. The Klinke stream is an urban surface water body located in Magdeburg, the state capital of Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany. Using this stream as an example it is shown that this additional information helps to describe the dynamics and discharge of the trace elements Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Bi, and U into the Elbe River from urban water bodies.     

江苏沭阳主城区地面沉降初步探讨

对本区地层结构及深层地下水开采现状的研究表明,土层应力效应特征是发生地面沉降的内因,超量无序开采深层地下水是其外因.鉴于目前实测数据缺乏,运用太沙基有效应力理论和一维固结理论,估算地面沉降量.发现最终地面沉降总量为534 mm.截至2010年研究区实际沉降量132.7 mm,沉降速度缓慢.最后,提出当前的控制对策以及进一步研究的方法与建议.     

ASE3OO与快速索氏抽提仪处理沉积岩样品的地化参数对比

本文对加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE300)和快速索氏抽提仪提取的氯仿沥青“A”及由其分离出的饱和烃、芳烃、胶质和沥青质组分做了详细对比.结果表明:多数情况下ASE300抽提出的氯仿沥青“A”的量比快速索氏抽提仪抽提出的量略多,主要是胶质和沥青质量的增加;不同抽提装置得到的饱和烃和芳烃组分的色谱-质谱谱图高度一致,定量结果的相对偏差在5％以内.各组分的稳定碳同位素分析精度±0.5‰.所有的地化参数表明ASE300完全可以替代快速索氏抽提仪,从而降低消耗、提高分析效率.     

环境样品中痕量多氯联苯的前处理方法及萃取材料的研究进展

多氯联苯(PCBs)是环境中一类强致癌性持久性有机污染物,而其在环境中含量极低(10-9～10-8mg/kg级),选择合适的前处理方法,以实现对环境复杂背景中痕量PCBs的分离富集,这对于PCBs的环境毒理学研究具有重要意义。使用绿色环保的前处理技术,减少有机试剂用量,并能简化实验步骤,提高富集和分离效率,且最大程度上减少背景干扰是当前PCBs前处理方法发展的方向。近年来PCBs的前处理方法取得了较快发展,开发新型的萃取材料是发展高效快捷前处理方法的关键因素。文章综述了国内外PCBs的前处理方法,包括液液萃取、超临界流体萃取、微波萃取、加速溶剂萃取、固相萃取。固相萃取已经成为富集PCBs的最佳提取方法之一,固相萃取方法使用的材料(键合硅胶、有机物聚合树脂、活性炭、纳米材料、分子印迹材料)对PCBs富集原理和富集效率、操作过程等各有优缺点。新型的磁性固相纳米萃取材料由于其极高的比表面积和强吸附性能,较常规的固相萃取方法大大缩短了前处理时间;分子印迹萃取纳米材料对PCBs兼具高富集性和高选择性的突出优点,可以大大降低背景干扰,非常适合于痕量PCBs的无干扰萃取。这两种材料是今后主要的发展方向。     

复杂河流相地层单砂体级沉积时间单元对比方法

采用“重点井沉积时间单元划分”—“标准层控制、参照层借鉴对比”—“切叠河流定界”—“平面井网对比”这一对比方法,可以很好地解决复杂河流相地层沉积时间单元精细对比的难题,采用该方法对大庆长坦喇嘛甸油田目的层301口开发井进行了沉积时间单元的划分与对比,在此基础上精细刻画了SⅢ各沉积时间单元单砂体的分布范围,把原来认为的大...     

淮南矿区抽采瓦斯地面钻井施工关键技术应用

针对淮南矿区煤矿瓦斯抽采地面钻井施工,对常规钻进垂直成井与完井工艺的施工设备、钻井方案、下管与固井、垂钻技术、钻井结构进行优化选择,采用国产PDC掏穴钻头与长井段掏穴钻进技术,提高地面钻井稳定性和瓦斯抽采效率。结合生产实际,阐述了此种组合钻进成井工艺技术的特点。     

基于地面三维激光扫描技术的滑坡模型监测与预测

地面三维激光扫描技术可以高精度、高密度、高速度、非接触地测量滑坡表面三维空间坐标,从而得到滑坡模型地表的整体变形资料.文章结合滑坡模型试验,利用灰色模型GM(1,1)对模型中提取的两个监测点的三维坐标位移进行预测,经由实测值与预测值比较、误差检验、图形对比等得出结论:灰色模型可以应用于长期的滑坡控制点三维坐标位移预测中.     

基于DEM的延安市沟道提取

利用2013年TM遥感图像对基于DEM提取的沟道网络进行人工识别修正后,获取延安市大于或等于1km的沟道总长为35 919km。沟道提取采用单流向坡面流模拟方法中的D8算法,包括填洼处理、流向分析、汇流分析和提取流域特征4个步骤。     

分层提取法在黄河三角洲湿地信息提取中的应用

黄河三角洲湿地是世界暖温带保存最广阔、最完善、最年轻的湿地生态系统,具有重要的研究与保护价值。本文以LandsatTM影像作为数据源,采用分层提取思想,利用人工目视解译与决策树分类,运用多种指数模型,提取了2004年黄河三角洲湿地信息。研究表明,采用分层提取法,能够较高精度地提取各种湿地信息,总体精度达到85．53％,其中浅海水域（100％）、养殖池塘（100％）、滩涂（87．5％）、建筑用地（84．62％）的分类精度较好,盐碱地（71．43％）和裸地（73．91％）的分类精度有待进一步的提高。     

Experimental Designs Applied to Desorption of Dichromate Ions after Separation and Preconcentration from Natural and Industrial Water by Modified Nano‐Alumina

Nano‐alumina modified by 9‐aminoacridine was used as a sorbent for separation and determination of dichromate ions from water. Statistical method, based on surface response design, has been used for the optimization of dichromate ions elution from 9‐aminoacridine nano‐alumina. The adsorbed dichromate ions were found to be eluted quantitatively with 0.8 mol L^?1 KCl in 1.6 mol L^?1 NaOH which optimized by response surface design. Under optimum conditions, the accuracy, precision (relative standard deviation, RSD%) and R‐square of the method were calculated as >98, <3, and >94%, respectively. Remarkable agreement between experimental and theoretical data was confirmed the predicted assumption. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of dichromate in natural and industrial water samples. We also examined the retention of dichromate anions in the presence of Cl^?, , and anions at pH 3.