夏季亚洲季风区对流层向平流层输送的源区、路径及其时间尺度的模拟研究

基于NCEP/NCAR分析资料和拉格朗日轨迹输送模式FLEXPART, 通过气块轨迹计算, 对2005年夏季亚洲季风区对流层向平流层输送 (Troposphere to Stratosphere Transport, 简称TST) 的近地层源区、 输送路径及其时间尺度问题进行了一些初步探讨。结果表明: (1) 夏季亚洲季风区TST两个主要的边界层源区, 一个是热带西太平洋地区; 另一个是青藏高原南部、 孟加拉湾以及印度半岛中北部等地区, 上述两个区域与夏季强对流的分布相一致。在对流层顶高度附近 (约16 km高度), 两个近地层源区的垂直输送贡献相当。但进一步分析发现, 穿越对流层顶高度的质量输送只有约10％能够进入20～22 km高度的平流层中, 且主要源于以青藏高原南侧为代表的南亚季风区 (约贡献75%), 这进一步强调了青藏高原及其周边区域在全球TST过程中的重要地位。 (2) 轨迹分析显示, 夏季亚洲季风区对流层进入平流层的 “入口区” 主要在 (25°N～35°N, 90°E～110°E) 区域的青藏高原及其周边区域。TST路径受对流层上层南亚高压闭合环流、 北半球副热带西风急流和赤道东风急流的共同控制。 (3) 亚洲季风区TST两个主要的过程, 一个是和夏季湿对流抬升直接联系的快速输送过程, 它可以使近地层大气在1～2天内输送到平流层中, 贡献了整个TST的10%～30%; 另一个是大气辐射加热所致的大尺度垂直输送, 该输送是一个相对的慢过程, 时间尺度一般为5～30天。此结果意味着, 源于地表的短生命周期的大气污染物可通过光化学反应过程对该区域平流层臭氧及其他大气痕量成分平衡产生重要影响。     

Study on Ozone Change over the Tibetan Plateau

This paper reviewed the main results with respect to the discovery of low center of total column ozone (TCO) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer, and its formation mechanism. Some important advances are summarized as follows: The fact is discovered that there is a TCO low center over the TP in summer, and the features of the background circulation over the TP are analyzed; it is confirmed that the TP is a pathway of mass exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere, and it influences the TCO low center over the TP in summer; models reproduce the TCO low center over the TP in summer, and the formation mechanism is explored; in addition, the analyses and diagnoses of the observation data indicate that not only there is the TCO low center over the TP in summer, but also TCO decrease trend over the TP is one of the strong centers of TCO decrease trend in the same latitude; finally, the model predicts the future TCO change over the TP.     

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)脾脏酪氨酸激酶SYK的鉴定及其介导的MAPK信号通路研究

脾脏酪氨酸激酶(SYK)是一种非受体型酪氨酸激酶(non-receptor tyrosine kinase, NRTK)。在哺乳动物中,SYK是重要的细胞信号通路接头分子,其在免疫细胞活化,胞外刺激的信号转导和病原体识别等多种生命过程中扮演重要角色,然而在鱼类中却鲜有报道。本研究以香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)为研究对象,探讨了其SYK(PaSYK)在应对病原微生物感染及在活化免疫信号通路中的作用。我们克隆获得了香鱼SYK的cDNA序列,并利用多重序列比对、构建进化树等生物信息学方法分析PaSYK的进化地位;采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法分析PaSYK在健康组织及鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染后的表达变化;亚细胞定位检测PaSYK在HEK293T细胞的分布情况;在香鱼头肾单核/巨噬细胞(Monocyte/macrophage,MO/MΦ)中过表达PaSYK,研究其对炎症细胞因子表达的调控作用并在HEK293T细胞及香鱼头肾MO/MΦ中研究PaSYK对MAPK信号通路的活化作用。多重序列比对结果显示,SYK的蛋白质序列和结构域在进化...     

Partial transformation of gabbro to coesite-bearing eclogite from Yangkou, the Sulu terrane, eastern China

An ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic slab at Yangkou Beach near Qingdao in the Sulu region of China consists of blocks of eclogite facies metagabbro, metagranitoid, ultramafic rock and mylonitic orthogneisses enclosed in granitic gneiss. A gradational sequence from incipiently metamorphosed gabbro to completely recrystallized coesite eclogite formed at ultra-high-pressures was identified in a single 30 m block; metagabbro is preserved in the core whereas coesite eclogite occurs along the block margins. The metagabbro contains an igneous assemblage of Pl+Aug+Opx+Qtz+Bt+Ilm/Ti-Mag; it shows relict magmatic textures and reaction coronas. Fine-grained garnet developed along boundaries between plagioclase and other phases; primary plagioclase broke down to Ab+Ky+Ms+Zo±Grt±Amp. Augite is rimmed by sodic augite or omphacite, whereas orthopyroxene is rimmed by a corona of Cum±Act and Omp+Qtz layers or only Omp+Qtz. In transitional rocks, augite and orthopyroxene are totally replaced by omphacite, and the lower-pressure assemblage Ab+Ky+Phn+Zo+Grt coexists with domains of Omp (Jd_70–73)+Ky±Phn in pseudomorphs after plagioclase. Both massive and weakly deformed coesite-bearing eclogites contain Omp+Ky+Grt+Phn+Coe/Qtz+Rt, and preserve a faint gabbroic texture. Coesite inclusions in garnet and omphacite exhibit limited conversion to palisade quartz; some intergranular coesite and quartz pseudomorphs after coesite also occur. Assemblages of the coronal stage, transitional and UHP peak occurred at about 540±50 °C at c. 13 kbar, 600–800 °C at ≥15–25 kbar and 800–850 °C at >30 kbar, respectively. Garnet from the coronal- through the transitional- to the eclogite-stage rocks show a decrease in almandine and an increase in grossular±pyrope components; garnet in low-grade rocks contains higher MnO and lower pyrope components. The growth textures of garnet within pseudomorphs after plagioclase or along grain boundaries between plagioclase and other phases are complex; the application of garnet zoning to estimate P–T should be carried out with caution. Some garnet enclosing quartz aggregates as inclusions shows radial growth boundaries; these quartz aggregates, as well as other primary and low-P phases, persisted metastably at UHP conditions due to sluggish reactions resulting from the lack of fluid during prograde and retrograde P–T evolution.     

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)代谢率的季节变化及其与夏季死亡关系的探讨

2002年6月—2003年9月,在中国北方重要养殖海区桑沟湾,采用呼吸瓶法现场研究了两种不同规格长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的耗氧率、排氨率及氧氮比的季节变化,从代谢水平探讨了长牡蛎夏季死亡的原因。结果表明,长牡蛎的耗氧率、排氨率以及氧氮比均具有明显的季节变化(P<0.001)。三龄牡蛎的个体耗氧率7月份最高[2.86mgO2/(ind·h)],1月份最低[0.07mgO2/(ind·h)];个体排氨率8月份最高[6.45μmol NH4-N/(ind·h)],1月份最低[0.47μmolNH4-N/(ind·h)];一龄牡蛎个体耗氧率和排氨率的变化范围分别为0.01—1.38mgO2/(ind·h)和0.04—1.66μmol NH4-N/(ind·h)。三龄个体单位个体耗氧率、排氨率高于一龄牡蛎,而单位软体干重的耗氧率、排氨率则小于一龄个体。一龄个体的氧氮比变化范围为16.7—58.0,10月份最高,一月份最低;三龄个体的氧氮比变化范围为8.7—64.0,6—7月份较高平均为52.7,8月份产卵后迅速下降到14.7,氧氮比的剧降表明该阶段长牡蛎代谢消耗了大量的蛋白质,使其体质脆弱,可能是引起三龄牡蛎夏季大量死亡的原因之一。     

Genome Sequence of a Marine Carotenoid Producing Yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CYJ03

Carotenoids are valuable pigments that have been widely used in food,pharmaceutical,animal breeding and cosmetics industries.Due to the increasing demand for carotenoids of natural origin,the trend for production of carotenoids by red yeast has become popular.Strain Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CYJ03 was isolated from northern Yellow Sea of China for its carotenoid producing potential.It was found that the whole genome of CYJ03 was 19.03 Mb in size and contained 6301 protein-coding genes including a gene cluster for the carotenoids biosynthesis.The genome sequence would be valuable for exploring the potential biological properties of CYJ03,as well as for facilitating the molecular genetic analysis and the manipulation of carotenoids accumulation in this strain,and for the development of it as an engineered host for carotenoid production.     

矽卡岩化作用排碳到大气中的途径SCIEI北大核心CSCD

鉴于大陆岩浆弧上盘广泛分布有碳酸盐岩,岩体上升侵位过程使其碳通量明显的高于洋内岛弧,从而有可能影响着地质历史长时间尺度(百万年)的气候变化。陆弧碳的排放可分为两部分,一部分是与喷出岩相关的火山作用,另一部分是与侵入岩相关的脱碳过程。侵入岩的体量一般是喷出岩体量的10倍以上,由此与侵入岩有关的脱碳作用释放的碳通量不可忽视,可能类似与喷出岩有关的火山作用释放的碳通量甚至更大。火山作用能够将气体直接排入大气中,因此在以往的工作中研究较为充分。但与侵入岩相关的脱碳过程如:矽卡岩化,发生在地下,关于地下脱碳过程如何将碳释放到大气中还缺少详细的工作。本文,通过对比研究火山地区和非火山地区与侵入岩相关的深部脱碳过程,发现深部碳可以通过区域断层系统、地下水系统和热泉、火山通道、隐爆角砾岩筒、高频率的岩浆热液事件等途径瞬时地释放进入大气。通过初步估算,发现单个矽卡岩矿化事件所产生的二氧化碳通量(0.02~0.2Mt/yr)能够与目前地球绝大部分的普通单个火山的碳通量(<0.5Mt/yr)类比。因此岩浆深部脱碳过程对大气的影响至少与火山相当,其对气候的影响不可忽视。     

兰州城市人口空间结构演变格局及调控路径

以街道和乡镇层面的人口统计数据为基础,综合应用ArcGIS和GS+Version7等软件对兰州市人口空间演变进行定量分析。结果表明:自1982年至2009年,兰州市人口呈逐年“向心聚集”态势,但不同阶段、不同街区人口空间增长存在显着差异;街道和乡镇人口密度差距逐年增大,高密度街区个数增多、范围扩大;距离人口高密度中心越远,人口密度的正相关性逐渐削弱,负相关性则逐渐增强,空间自相关范围不断增大;人口空间分布整体呈“东密西疏”格局,并呈现“双中心”空间结构。人口的极不均衡分布,带来了环境污染、交通拥挤、住宅紧张、就业困难等一系列问题。通过构建多中心城市结构、调整产业空间布局、平衡配置基础设施和引导人口有序流动等方面进行综合调控,不断优化人口空间分布,保障城市的可持续发展。     

琼东南盆地深水区古近系陵水组输导体系特征

以Vail经典的层序地层学理论为指导,采用深水区地震资料与浅水区钻井资料结合,相互印证对比的方法,将琼东南盆地深水区古近系陵水组自下而上划分出SⅠ、SⅡ、SⅢ和SⅣ4个三级层序,建立了研究区目的层三维等时层序地层格架。在此基础上采用单要素综合分析的方法,对陵水组输导体系进行研究,将该区目的层输导体划分为储集体、不整合面和断裂等3种。根据输导要素和空间形态,总结出9种输导模式类型。结合盆地温度场、压力场、流体势及烃源岩发育特征,指出盆地深水区陵水组主要发育地堑型和半地堑型两种成藏模式,并在优势输导体系评价的基础上对陵水组各层序有利勘探区域进行了预测。