Provenance of Permian Delaware Mountain Group,central and southern Delaware Basin,and implications of sediment dispersal pathway near the southwestern terminus of Pangea

ABSTRACT

The Delaware Basin is located near the southwestern end of the Alleghanian–Ouachita–Marathon orogenic belt. The basin is mostly filled by Permian clastic rocks of the Delaware Mountain Group with ramp- to shelf-carbonate rimming basin edges. The Delaware Mountain Group has been well-documented as a deep-water clastic reservoir unit in the prolific Permian Basin, but its sources and related sediment dispersal pathways remain inconclusive. In this study, a total of 55 samples of the Delaware Mountain Group were collected from whole core and sidewall core from the central and southern Delaware Basin, and sandstone modal analyses and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology were applied to constrain their potential sources. Sandstone modal analyses show that the majority of samples fall within the transitional continental source field. Age spectra of detrital zircon from five selected samples include a prominent middle Palaeozoic age cluster (~490–275 Ma), a major Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic age cluster (~790–510 Ma), and a series of minor age clusters of the middle to late Mesoproterozoic (~1300–920 Ma), early Mesoproterozoic (~1600–1300 Ma), late Palaeoproterozoic (~1825–1600 Ma), and Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic (> ~1825 Ma). Integrating detrital zircon data from all potential sources and coeval sandstones from the northern Delaware Basin suggests that the majority of sediment was derived from the Appalachian foreland, the Ouachita orogenic system, and the peri-Gondwanan terranes. Variation in the abundance of the different age groups reveals a provenance shift between deposition of the Brushy Canyon Formation and the Cherry and Bell Canyon Formations. To accommodate the composition, and the stratigraphic and spatial age spectral variations, we proposed that the sediment dispersal pathway includes a transcontinental fluvial system from the Appalachian orogenic belt to the east, a regional scale fluvial system from the Ouachita orogenic belt to the north and northeast, and a local, proximal fluvial system from the peri-Gondwanan terranes to the south and southeast.     

Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes content tracing the filling pathway of condensate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,South China Sea

The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South China Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.     

基于网络药理学探讨阳和汤治疗三阴性乳腺癌的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学方法探讨阳和汤治疗三阴性乳腺癌的潜在作用机制。方法：通过TCMSP数据库和HERB数据库筛选得到阳和汤的有效成分并预测其相关作用靶点,构建有效成分-靶点相互作用网络图,通过DisGeNET和GeneCards数据库获取三阴性乳腺癌的相关靶点,运用仙桃学术工具在线venny分析获取阳和汤与三阴性乳腺癌的交集靶点,STRING数据库及Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络图,并进行基因本体（GO）功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析。进一步通过FerrDb数据库获取铁死亡相关靶点,并与阳和汤、三阴性乳腺癌靶点取交集,进行PPI网络图构建及GO功能、KEGG通路富集分析。结果：筛选得到阳和汤的有效成分86个,其中核心成分为槲皮素、山柰酚等,对应作用靶点207个,三阴性乳腺癌的相关靶点1748个,两者共同靶点89个,其中核心靶点为蛋白激酶B（Akt1）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(MAPK1）、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶调节亚基1（PIK3R1）等,通过KEGG分析发现,阳和汤治疗三阴性乳腺癌涉及PI3K-Akt信号通路、黏附连接等主要信号通路。进一步获取铁死亡的调控靶点487个,其中MAPK1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)为铁死亡参与阳和汤治疗三阴性乳腺癌的核心靶点。结论：阳和汤治疗三阴性乳腺癌主要涉及多个关键靶点和信号通路,推测铁死亡通路可能是其重要的作用机制。     

Metabolic patterning of biosilicification

Here we show a discernibly unique biosilicification pattern for live, metabolically active Synechococcus cyanobacterial cell surfaces compared to dead Synechococcus cells under identical experimental conditions. The live cell treatments showed signs of cell division and the growth of fimbriae indicating metabolic activity during the 5-day silicification experiment. Live treatment cells were also recultivable after the experiments confirming their continued viability. The metabolically active live cyanobacteria treatment bound twice the amount of colloidal SiO₂ and held it more tightly compared to the dead cell treatment. Further, biosilicification of the live, actively metabolizing bacteria was unipolar, leaving the core surface largely unencrusted. In contrast, biosilicification of the dead cells was heterogeneous, occurring across the entire cell surface with no observable localized pattern. The directed biosilicification localization of live cell surfaces is likely a bacterial strategy to protect the cell functionality against the potentially inhibitory effects of mineral encrustation. Localization of silica biominerals to the polar end of the cell is also consistent with reported bacteria regulated cell polarity, which, under the experimental pH of 3, would enable localized differential attraction between the charged colloidal silica (+) particles and the bacterial cell polar surface (−). Our results show a novel metabolically-linked distinct colloidal SiO₂ biomineralization fingerprint, suggesting a putative biomineralization signature.     

Determination of Dominant Pathways in Chemical Reaction Systems: An Algorithm and Its Application to Stratospheric Chemistry

The analysis of complex chemical reaction systems is frequently complicatedbecause of the coexistence of fast cyclic reaction sequences and slower pathways that yield a net production or destruction of a certain species of interest.An algorithm for the determination of both these types of reaction sequences (in a given reaction system) is presented. Under the assumption that reaction rates are known, it finds the mostimportant pathways by solving a linear optimization problem for each of them.This algorithm may be used as a tool for the interpretation of chemical model runs.For illustration, it is applied to examples in stratospheric chemistry, including the determination of catalytic ozone destruction cycles.     

大气输送的环境背景场

根据环境管理和控制观点提出大气环境质量属于资源。欲解决在哪些地方开发环境资源有可能得到最大和最长久的持续发展,在哪些地方是开发利用和环境保护相结合的地区,采用环境背景场研究是比较适宜的途径。为此,提出大气环境背景场的网络矩阵输送模型并利用我国大量历史资料制作出全年各季我国大气输送的环境背景场图。根据这些成果对我国各类输送型输送计算方法及各地区大气输送的环境资源背景场的影响进行了分析。     

拉格朗日方法诊断2007年7月中国东部系列极端降水的水汽输送路径及其可能蒸发源区

以2007年7月中、下旬中国中东部地区系列极端降水为研究对象,分别以NCEP/NCAR分析资料和中尺度气象模式(WRF)模拟输出驱动拉格朗日三维粒子输送模式(FLEXPART),通过对极端降水有贡献的大气粒子群(气块)的后向轨迹,诊断了极端降水事件的水汽输送路径及其可能蒸发源区,并定量估算了不同水汽源区对降水事件的相对贡献大小。结果表明,极端降水事件的水汽输送可以向上游追溯到阿拉伯海和西亚地区,青藏高原的地形和副热带高压对水汽输送路径具有重要影响。源于热带和副热带低纬度地区的气块在到达降水区域之前,经历了多次的降水和蒸发过程,其中,阿拉伯海、印度半岛、孟加拉湾、中南半岛的缅甸以及中国西南部的川、滇等地区都是水汽的蒸发源区,上述所有源区为极端降水事件贡献了约80%的水汽。但是,不同水汽源区的相对贡献计算结果发现,陆地蒸发对水汽贡献相对重要,尤其是中南半岛的缅甸、中国的川、滇等地区的地表前期蒸发对这次极端降水的贡献超过了40%,这表明上游地区前期的土壤湿度异常可能对极端降水的发生具有重要的指示意义。     

Understanding the latest progress in mitigating climate change and facilitating carbon neutrality北大核心CSCD

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report of Working Group III of the Sixth Assessment Report "climate change 2022: mitigating climate change". The report accessed and summarized the latest research progress on climate change mitigation since the release of the Fifth Assessment Report, which will provide an important reference for the international community to further understand climate change mitigation actions, system transformation, and the pursuit of sustainable development. The report pointed out that human activities had cumulatively emitted about 2.4 trillion tons of CO2 from 1850 to 2019, of which 58% was emitted before 1990. In order to control the level of global temperature rise in the future, deep and immediate mitigation actions are required. In both low and minimum emission scenarios, fossil energy needs to be greatly reduced; renewable energy will be the mainstay of future energy supply; achieving carbon neutrality requires relying on negative emission technologies and increasing carbon sinks. Technological progress is one of the key conditions for helping the world combat climate change. Accelerated and equitable climate action is critical to sustainable development. The report's conclusions once again show that China's carbon neutrality target is in line with the mitigation path of the Paris Agreement's temperature rise target of less than 2 °C and striving to achieve 1.5°C. In the future, China should strengthen special research programs on the national concerns and key contents covered in the report. While strengthening scientific interpretation and effective use of the report's conclusions, it is also necessary to actively participate in the IPCC scientific assessment process, actively contribute Chinese wisdom, and contribute to the international dissemination of Chinese climate governance concepts. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy All rights reserved.     

油气运移聚集的路径与过程模拟

油气在输导中运移聚集的路径主要取决于封盖面的状态、砂体的分布及横向封堵面，位于与油源相接的汇聚路径上的圈闭有利于捕集到油气，发散路径导致油气的散失。在地史、生排烃史计算的基础上，利用计算机来恢复地质历史时期封盖面的空间几何形态，并识别分析运移路径的性质，模拟不同时期油气的运移方向和强度，并最终计算圈闭聚集量，指出油气聚集的有利区带，对指导油气勘探具有现实意义。在辽河滩海地萄应用验证了现有勘探成果,并提出了下一步勘探方向。     

条斑紫菜低覆盖度基因组草图分析

对条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)进行Solexa 高通量测序, 获得低覆盖度全基因组草图。该基因组草图大小约220 Mbp, GC 质量分数53.08%; 包含26 629 个预测基因, 其中16 409 个基因具有内含子,平均每个基因含2.22 个内含子; 基因结构分析表明具有内含子的基因平均长度为2 214 bp, 内含子平均大小319 bp; 代谢通路分析表明嘌呤代谢是含有蛋白数量最多的代谢途径。本研究所得条斑紫菜低覆盖度全基因组草图快速获取了基因组大小和蛋白编码基因结构等基本信息, 证明了使用Solexa 高通量测序技术对条斑紫菜进行全基因组测序的可行性。