藻类逆境胁迫下信号传导途径的初步研究进展

对目前藻类逆境胁迫下信号传导途径的主要研究进展进行了综述:(1)钙信号系统,藻类通过细胞内Ca2+的变化产生钙信号,Ca2+与钙调素等钙信号受体结合,进而影响钙调素结合蛋白等靶蛋白的活性,从而调控基因表达和生理反应;(2)磷脂酰肌醇信号系统,磷脂酰肌醇在磷脂酶的作用下,水解产生第二信使IP3与DAG,它们可以进一步激活离子通道或蛋白激酶,调节藻类的各种生理反应过程;(3)蛋白质的可逆磷酸化,通过藻类中蛋白质的磷酸化和脱磷酸化,传递信号,并使信号级联放大;(4)蓝藻的二元信号传导系统,蓝藻既具有类似细菌的二元传导系统,又具有真核生物的Ser/Thr或Tyr蛋白质激酶来行使信号传导功能;(5)NO,cAMP等其他信号分子也参与藻类的信号传导途径。     

渤中坳陷大型油气系统输导体系及其对油气成藏控制

渤中坳陷东营组沉积期以来快速沉降和强烈断裂活动的地质背景导致其呈现出不同于渤海湾盆地其他地区的油气成藏特征.凹陷周缘凸起带成为油气聚集的主要场所, 输导体系的分布与演化控制了油气运移和成藏.在阐明渤中坳陷大型油气系统烃源岩和油气分布规律的基础上, 综合利用多种资料分析了各类潜在输导通道的发育特征及其空间配置, 识别出断裂主导型、砂体主导型和不整合主导型3类控藏输导体系.凸起边缘继承性的长期断层充当了垂向流体释放和油气运移的主输导通道, 控制了凸起带上新近系储集层中的油气聚集.特别是在构造活跃期, 开启的长期断层成为油气快速垂向运移的首选通道.古近系沙河街组和东营组的连通性砂体与活跃烃源岩直接接触, 不仅是早期油气运移和聚集的主要场所, 也是晚期油气运移和聚集的始发站.因此, 它们不仅控制了古近系圈闭的油气聚集, 同时在很大程度上直接控制了凸起带新近系圈闭的油气供给.不整合T₈是中生代末区域构造变革的产物, 其渗透性因风化作用而得以提高, 充当了深部侧向油气运移的输导通道, 控制了潜山储集层中的油气成藏.3类输导体系对油气成藏的时间、部位、速率和规模等都具有不同程度的影响, 但断裂主导型输导体系的控制作用最为显著.      

中国交通部门低碳排放措施和路径研究综述

为实现2℃全球温升控制目标,中国交通部门亟待低碳转型.分析了当前交通部门的温室气体排放现状和发展趋势,结合已有减排措施的减排潜力和减排成本,探究中国交通部门未来低碳发展的可能路径.在未来若干年,中国交通部门碳排放将长期保持较快增长,其中道路运输在总排放中的占比仍然较高,而民航运输碳排放增速最快.现有减排措施主要可分为交...     

油气运聚过程的综合分析模拟

基于对油气运移机理现有认识的综合研究,提出了油气运聚模拟的地质概念模型和充分考虑地质综合研究并可人工干预的综合分析模拟.大尺度地质概念模型是以含油气系统为单位的三维面状模型,而小尺度模型则是以油气运聚单元为单位的、由一个或多个三维面以及断层组合而成的网络状格架模型.油气运聚过程的综合分析模拟应在层序地层格架内以含油气系统(或油气运聚单元)为单位建立初始地质模型,应用古构造恢复、古流体势恢复、油气运秽路径模拟、优势运移通道分析、模拟结果综合评价等技术,依据层序地层格架所提供的精确时间间隔单元进行三维的、动态的模拟.模拟的相关技术和方法可在信息集成平台的基础上,基于一系列空间数据处理方法开发实现.     

Metabolic patterning of biosilicification

Here we show a discernibly unique biosilicification pattern for live, metabolically active Synechococcus cyanobacterial cell surfaces compared to dead Synechococcus cells under identical experimental conditions. The live cell treatments showed signs of cell division and the growth of fimbriae indicating metabolic activity during the 5-day silicification experiment. Live treatment cells were also recultivable after the experiments confirming their continued viability. The metabolically active live cyanobacteria treatment bound twice the amount of colloidal SiO₂ and held it more tightly compared to the dead cell treatment. Further, biosilicification of the live, actively metabolizing bacteria was unipolar, leaving the core surface largely unencrusted. In contrast, biosilicification of the dead cells was heterogeneous, occurring across the entire cell surface with no observable localized pattern. The directed biosilicification localization of live cell surfaces is likely a bacterial strategy to protect the cell functionality against the potentially inhibitory effects of mineral encrustation. Localization of silica biominerals to the polar end of the cell is also consistent with reported bacteria regulated cell polarity, which, under the experimental pH of 3, would enable localized differential attraction between the charged colloidal silica (+) particles and the bacterial cell polar surface (−). Our results show a novel metabolically-linked distinct colloidal SiO₂ biomineralization fingerprint, suggesting a putative biomineralization signature.     

Determination of Dominant Pathways in Chemical Reaction Systems: An Algorithm and Its Application to Stratospheric Chemistry

The analysis of complex chemical reaction systems is frequently complicatedbecause of the coexistence of fast cyclic reaction sequences and slower pathways that yield a net production or destruction of a certain species of interest.An algorithm for the determination of both these types of reaction sequences (in a given reaction system) is presented. Under the assumption that reaction rates are known, it finds the mostimportant pathways by solving a linear optimization problem for each of them.This algorithm may be used as a tool for the interpretation of chemical model runs.For illustration, it is applied to examples in stratospheric chemistry, including the determination of catalytic ozone destruction cycles.     

地闪对崇明地震台地球物理观测的干扰

通过对比崇明地区地闪及崇明地震台地球物理观测资料,发现受地闪引起的电磁场变化的直接作用或对仪器元件的间接作用,地磁、地电、电磁扰动和水位观测干扰比例较高,干扰幅度与地闪距离及形成的电流强度有关。具体干扰形态如下:①对电磁扰动干扰表现为单向突跳和测值的整体抬升;②对地磁测项干扰表现为正负方向的单点突跳;③对大地电场干扰表现为大幅震荡;④对水位观测干扰表现为大幅突跳。     

Effects of hypoxia in the gills of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum using NMR-based metabolomics

Coastal hypoxia affects the survival, behavior, and reproduction of individual local marine organisms, and the abundance, biomass, and biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the chronic effects of hypoxia on the metabolomics in the gills of Ruditapes (R.) philippinarum. The results indicated significant alterations in the metabolite profiles in the gills of the hypoxia-treated clams, in comparison with those maintained under normoxia. The levels of betaine, taurine, glycine, isoleucine, and alanine were significantly reduced, suggesting a disturbance of osmotic balance associated with hypoxia. Meanwhile, metabolites involved in energy metabolism, such as alanine and succinate, were also affected. Dramatic histopathological changes were observed in the gills and hepatopancreases of R. philippinarum grown in hypoxic waters, demonstrating tissue damages apparently caused by long-term exposure to hypoxia. Our findings suggest that hypoxia significantly affects the physiology of R. philippinarum, even at a sub-lethal level, and impedes health of the clams.     

Understanding the latest progress in mitigating climate change and facilitating carbon neutrality北大核心CSCD

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report of Working Group III of the Sixth Assessment Report "climate change 2022: mitigating climate change". The report accessed and summarized the latest research progress on climate change mitigation since the release of the Fifth Assessment Report, which will provide an important reference for the international community to further understand climate change mitigation actions, system transformation, and the pursuit of sustainable development. The report pointed out that human activities had cumulatively emitted about 2.4 trillion tons of CO2 from 1850 to 2019, of which 58% was emitted before 1990. In order to control the level of global temperature rise in the future, deep and immediate mitigation actions are required. In both low and minimum emission scenarios, fossil energy needs to be greatly reduced; renewable energy will be the mainstay of future energy supply; achieving carbon neutrality requires relying on negative emission technologies and increasing carbon sinks. Technological progress is one of the key conditions for helping the world combat climate change. Accelerated and equitable climate action is critical to sustainable development. The report's conclusions once again show that China's carbon neutrality target is in line with the mitigation path of the Paris Agreement's temperature rise target of less than 2 °C and striving to achieve 1.5°C. In the future, China should strengthen special research programs on the national concerns and key contents covered in the report. While strengthening scientific interpretation and effective use of the report's conclusions, it is also necessary to actively participate in the IPCC scientific assessment process, actively contribute Chinese wisdom, and contribute to the international dissemination of Chinese climate governance concepts. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy All rights reserved.     

大气输送的环境背景场

根据环境管理和控制观点提出大气环境质量属于资源。欲解决在哪些地方开发环境资源有可能得到最大和最长久的持续发展,在哪些地方是开发利用和环境保护相结合的地区,采用环境背景场研究是比较适宜的途径。为此,提出大气环境背景场的网络矩阵输送模型并利用我国大量历史资料制作出全年各季我国大气输送的环境背景场图。根据这些成果对我国各类输送型输送计算方法及各地区大气输送的环境资源背景场的影响进行了分析。