UASMaster在无人机低空航空摄影测量生产中的应用

介绍了UASMaster对低空无人机航摄影像的数据处理,并针对无人机应急保障的快拼影像制作和大比例尺测图数据生产的技术流程进行了探讨。     

天文学英语新词自动提取系统

科技名词中文译名标准化和规范化工作是推动我国科技进步和科学知识传播的重要基础。新的科学概念和技术名词层出不穷,如何及时发现并确定新生术语的中文译名是一项普遍的社会需求。介绍了一套全新的天文学英语新词自动提取系统。该系统综合使用脚本过滤、术语识别、正则表达匹配等多种方法,能够自动追踪Ar Xiv论文数据库的更新,分析天文学论文的内容,生成推荐术语列表,从而将学科专家从繁重的科技新词收集整理工作中解放出来,把有限的精力集中到更能体现专业素养的新词审定工作当中。这个系统将为推动天文学等基础学科的新词收集,乃至学科标准化等工作发挥积极作用。     

三套NDVI长时间序列植被指数的对比——以玛曲为例

NDVI／MODIS、NDVI／GIMMS和NDVI／NSMC是时间长度不同、空间分辨率相差甚远的3套ND—VI数据集,如何集成应用这些不同时间长度、不同分辨率的数据进行相关研究,数据集间的比较是最基础的工作。本文以甘肃省甘南州玛曲县为例,用直方图、相关分析、趋势分析等方法研究了这3套NDVI产品数据集的相互关系。结果表明：1）NDVI／NSMC与NDVI/MODIS的直方图具有类似的图像分布特征,但是NDVI／MODIS数据分布范围更大;2）3套NDVI在数值上表现为NDVI／MODIS〉NDVI／GIMMS〉NDVI／NSMC;3）3套数据集空间图像特征一致,两两间均具有十分显著的空间相关性,其中1月份相对最弱,5、10月份最强,三者相比NDVIfNSMC与NDVI／MODIS的空间相关性更强;4）1—3月、5—8月及年均的NDVI／GIMMS与NDVI／NSMC值存在显著的时间相关性,但两者逐年变化趋势存在较大差别,两者气候倾向率相差最大的高达5倍之多。NDVIfNSMC数据集在处理过程中可能未进行大气订正及交叉定标,这是造成共同源的NDVIfGIMMS与NDVI／NSMC差异较大的重要原因。     

太原城市化进程对城市热岛的影响

采用城市化的多项要素指标,系统考察了太原1980-2009年期间城市化的发展对其城市热岛效应的影响关系,发现城市化的发展是导致城市热岛效应形成和加剧的主要原因.认为:①近30年,太原市郊区的增温率为0.51℃/10a,市区的增温率为0.90℃/10a,热岛强度的增温率为0.39℃/10a,热岛效应不断增强;②各类城市发展指数与城市热岛效应都有很好的相关关系;③太原城郊温差和总人口对数呈线性相关关系,其长期变化相关系数为0.81;④太原城郊温差和城市房屋建筑面积对数呈线性关系,其长期变化相关系数为0.85.     

用前期海温预报四川夏季气温的EOF迭代方案

应用ＥＯＦ（经验正交函数）迭代方案，考虑多时次历史资料，在全球海区海温与四川盆地气温非同步联系的基础上，以海温为预报因子进行了夏季气温的长期预报。结果表明：西太平洋高温区等关键海区海温的异常对未来四川盆地夏季气温变化有重要影响，由此建立的引入多时次海温的ＥＯＦ迭代长期温度预报方法，具有较强的预报能力     

A new class of bulk viscous universe with time dependent deceleration parameter and Λ-term

A new class of exact solutions of Einstein’s field equations with a bulk viscous fluid for an LRS Bianchi type-Ia obtained by using a time dependent deceleration parameter and cosmological term Λ. The coefficient of bulk viscosity is assumed to be a power function of mass density (ξ=ξ ₀ ρ ⁿ ). We have obtained a general solution of the field equations from which six models of the universe are derived: exponential, polynomial and sinusoidal form respectively. The behaviour of these models of the universe are also discussed in the frame of reference of recent supernovae Ia observations.      

Long term variations in solar flare activity

A statistical analysis of the contemporary (1954-1975) solar flare particle events has been made for the parametersF (integrated, proton fluence in cm^-2 in an event with kinetic energy above 10 MeV) andR ₀ (the characteristic rigidity). These data are compared with the long-term averaged values determined from stable- and radio-nuclide measurements of lunar samples. The analysis shows that the ancient solar flare proton spectrum was harder (higher R₀ values) compared to that observed in contemporary flares. A similar analysis can not be made for the mean long-term averaged flux (ˉJ, cm^-2 S^-1), since the contemporary averages suffer from an uncertainty due to the statistics of a single event. However, the average flux estimates for time durations 〈T〉 exceeding 10³ yr, are free from such uncertainties. The long-term averaged ˉJ values obtained over different time scales (10⁴ - 10⁶ yr) suggest a possible periodic variation in solar flare activity, with enhanced flux level during the last 10⁵ yr. The available data rule out the occurrence of giant flares, with proton fluence exceeding 10¹⁵ cm^-2 during the last million years.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

software reviews are in this article MACATLAS . Number Cruncher Statistical System (NCSS) TRANSPRO FIRE-ROUTER     

A Parameterization of Third-order Moments for the Dry Convective Boundary Layer

We describe one-dimensional (1D) simulations of the countergradient zone of mean potential temperature observed in the convective boundary layer (CBL). The method takes into account the third-order moments (TOMs) in a turbulent scheme of relatively low order, using the turbulent kinetic energy equation but without prognostic equations for other second-order moments. The countergradient term is formally linked to the third-order moments and , and a simple parameterization of these TOMs is proposed. It is validated for several cases of a dry CBL, using large-eddy simulations that have been realized from the MESO-NH model. The analysis of the simulations shows that TOMs are responsible for the inversion of the sign of in the higher part of the CBL, and budget analysis shows that the main terms responsible for turbulent fluxes and variances are now well reproduced.     

城市地质灾害应急管理平台的设计与研究

我国地质灾害多发,严重威胁到山地城市安全.城市地质灾害应急管理的首要环节是应急部门对信息的及时沟通和决策部门对信息的高效管理.因此,设计具有完善的数据共享模式,并具备良好服务架构的信息平台是科学应急管理的必要手段.本文研究了城市地质灾害应急管理平台设计中的关键技术,提出了基于地理网络和元数据管理的数据共享模式;建立了基于SOA的平台架构,并描述了分布式环境下的平台配置结构.通过引入先进的软件技术和GIS技术,可以为城市地质灾害救援指挥提供必要的信息和技术支撑,最终实现减轻城市突发性地质灾害损失的目的.