利用DINEOF方法重构缺测的卫星遥感海温数据

针对海温数据补缺问题提出一种基于经验正交函数(EOF)分解的缺测数据重构方法--经验正交函数插值法(DINEOF).此方法是一种自适应的EOF分解方法,不需要任何先验信息,并且能估算出重构数据的误差大小.奇异值(SVD)分解时采用了Lanczos算子以提高计算速度,并利用了交叉验证的算法以确定出重构时所需最优的EOF阶数.实测数据处理结果表明,DINEOF方法能很好地重构大面积的缺测数据,具有较高精度及实际可操作性.     

利用铝饱和指数评价中酸性岩浆岩的含矿性——以山西省210个中酸性岩体为例

利用常量元素地球化学特征参与评价岩体的含矿性具有重要意义.通过计算山西境内210个中酸性岩体的铝饱和指数,发现含矿岩体与非矿岩体的铝饱和指数存在一个明显的分界值,即铝饱和指数大于1.7的岩体基本与矿有关,小于此值的岩体绝大多数尚未发现与矿有关.铝饱和指数可能是反映岩体中矿元素活化释放程度或能力的一项重要指标,是本次探讨的重点,对评价其他区域中酸性岩的含矿性有重要参考意义.     

Approximating constant‐Q seismic propagation in the time domain

In this study, we investigate the accuracy of approximating constant‐Q wave propagation by series of Zener or standard linear solid (SLS) mechanisms. Modelling in viscoacoustic and viscoelastic media is implemented in the time domain using the finite‐difference (FD) method. The accuracy of numerical solutions is evaluated by comparison with the analytical solution in homogeneous media. We found that the FD solutions using three SLS relaxation mechanisms as well as a single SLS mechanism, with properly chosen relaxation times, are quite accurate for both weak and strong attenuation. Although the RMS errors of FD simulations using a single relaxation mechanism increase with increasing offset, especially for strong attenuation (Q = 20), the results are still acceptable for practical applications. The synthetic data of the Marmousi‐II model further illustrate that the single SLS mechanism, to model constant Q, is efficient and sufficiently accurate. Moreover, it benefits from less computational costs in computer time and memory.     

影响b值计算误差的Monte Carlo实验研究

本文假设地震的发生与时间的关系遵循稳态泊松模型,假设地震震级M服从参数为1/β的指数分布,其中β=b/loge,在此基础上生成地震目录.用最小二乘法估算b值,分别从样本数量、震级间隔、震级误差三方面分析b值误差的大小.统计分析结果表明,b值的标准偏差随着样本数量的增多而减小;随着震级间隔的增大而减小;震级误差使b值的标准误差变大.本文可以为利用真实地震目录求b值时选择适当的方法提供参考.     

福州盆地及其周围地区地壳深部结构与构造的初步研究

1986—1988年,福建省地震局在福州盆地及其周围地区完成了五条地震测深剖面:宁德—永春剖面;洪懒—宁德剖面;莲峰—福州（尚干）剖面;南平—永泰—平潭非纵剖面;并在宁德—古田—嵩口首次试验扇形剖面观测系统,结果表明,扇形剖面对确定断裂是有效的. 根据对地震波走时的正、反演计算,用理论地震图和射线追踪方法进一步修改和完善,得到了福州盆地及其周围地区地壳深部为高、低速相间的速度分布特征.地壳介质速度为6.40km/s,在中地壳普遍发育一层速度为5.80—5.90 km/s、厚度约5.0 km的低速层.Moho面深度30—33 km,福州盆地为一Moho面隆起区,隆起幅度达3.0 km.北西向断裂发育,其中,闽江断裂在纵剖面和扇形剖面均有明显的反映,并切割到Moho面2.0—3.0 km. 反射波谱频方法计算得到福州盆地地壳Q值仅120—150,比邻近地区明显偏低,中地壳低速层Q值为40—80,是一典型的低速—高导—低Q（高衰减）结构层,此层上界面埋深14—15 km,与居里面埋深较一致.这些结果为福州地区的地热资源远景预测和开发提供了地壳深部结构和某些地球物理场背景.     

时间域航空电磁数据的反演

本文用广义逆矩阵理论讨论了时间域航空电磁数据的反演方法.以水平二层大地和球体模型为例进行了计算,结果表明这种方法对时间域电磁数据的反演是行之有效的.对于理论数据,一般仅需迭代数次即可稳定地收敛到真值.通过奇异值分析,可以确定一个模型中的相对重要参数和无关紧要参数;对于求解某一特定参数,可确定哪些数据起决定性的作用.由奇异值分解而得出的信息密度矩阵、模型分辨矩阵,分别给出了模型响应拟合数据和模型参数分辨率的度量.这些信息对于时间域航空电磁系统的设计、野外测量和资料解释都具有重要的参考价值.最后给出了实例.     

Modelling peak accelerations from earthquakes

This paper deals with the prediction of peak horizontal accelerations with emphasis on seismic risk and insurance concerns. Non‐linear mixed effects models are used to analyse well‐known earthquake data and the consequences of mis‐specifying assumptions on the error term are quantified. A robust fit of the usual model, using recently developed robust weighted maximum likelihood estimators, is presented. Outlying data are automatically identified and subsequently investigated. A more appropriate model accounting for the extreme value nature of the responses, is also developed and implemented. The implication on acceleration predictions is demonstrated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Baseline determination,pollution source and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Amu Darya Basin,Central Asia

Central Asia(CA) is one of the most fragile regions worldwide owing to arid climate and accumulated human activities, and is a global hotspot due to gradually deteriorating ecological environment. The Amu Darya Basin(ADB), as the most economically and demographically important region in CA, is of particular concern. To determine the concentration,source and pollution status of heavy metals(HMs) in surface sediments of the ADB, 154samples were collected and analyzed for metals across the basin. C...     

基于地貌单元的小区域地质灾害易发性分区方法研究

以汶川县城周边区域为研究区,分别以栅格单元与地貌单元作为单位评价单元,以信息量法与逻辑回归法两种评价模型对研究区进行地质灾害易发性评价分区。根据对评价结果的比较分析,在小区域范围内,基于地貌单元的区域易发性分区不仅仅能够更好地体现出区域内局部综合特性,而且评价分区结果与地质灾害实际分布情况更加吻合,分级层次更加明显,数学模型的适用效率很好。由此可见,在小范围区域内,基于地貌单元的地质灾害易发性评价分区具有良好的适用性与可塑性,在大比例尺地质灾害易发性和危险性制图中是一个有益的尝试与启发。     

The effects of land consolidation on the ecological connectivity based on ecosystem service value: A case study of Da’an land consolidation project in Jilin province

Land consolidation has a profound impact on landscape patterns and ecological functions at various scales through engineering and biological measures. In recent years, China invests more than 100 billion RMB yuan on land consolidation each year. To understand how land consolidation affects landscape patterns and ecosystems, we investigated the ecosystem service value and the ecological connectivity in a consolidated area of Da’an city from 2008 to 2014 using a revised ecological connectivity index. The results indicated that land consolidation has certain negative influences on the ecosystem services in this area. The total ecosystem service value will decrease by nearly 30% in the late stage of consolidation. This decrease is caused by the loss of ecosystem service of the wetland and grassland, despite a sensible increase of cultivated land. In addition, land consolidation could change the ecological connectivity as well as the land use structure. Up to 85% of the entire area will be in low connectivity in the late stage of consolidation, representing a 6.23% increase in the total coverage compared to pre-consolidation. Finally, the different connectivity landscape and their key areas can be identified by the revised ecological connectivity index effectively. This study is helpful to trace out the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological process, and provides insights for ecological planning and designing of land consolidation in this area. We suggest that more attentions should be paid to improve the quality and ecosystem service value per unit area of the landscape, to establish ecological compensation mechanism of wetland losses, and to create the ecological corridors along the least accumulated impendence surface in the key areas during land consolidation.