一种新的基于局部重力图逼近的组合匹配算法

惯性导航系统定位误差随时间积累发散,利用重力场辅助惯性导航已成为组合导航领域的新方向,该技术对实现潜艇无源定位意义重大.首先利用二维高斯基函数对局部离散格网重力异常基准图进行逼近获取其解析表达式,在此基础上对传统相关极值匹配算法进行重新建模,采用拟牛顿BFGS非线性寻优方法对该模型进行解算,最终完成基于连续解析形式重力异常基准图的相关极值匹配算法设计.为进一步提高算法性能进行以下两点改进:(1)采用TERCOM算法进行预匹配以缩小寻优范围提高寻优速度;(2)采用差分法减小实测过程中Eötvös效应对重力匹配的影响.最后在2'×2'卫星测高反演重力异常数据库基础上进行了三组对比仿真实验,从实验结果可以看出,在重力测量误差、系统误差及初始定位误差较大的情况下,通过该组合匹配算法获得的匹配定位仍能以较高的精度跟踪真实航迹,且其性能较传统单一匹配算法有较大提高.     

一种基于Voronoi图的人防警报器空间选址算法

首先通过声学传播原理研究了警报器覆盖范围模型,结合Voronoi图影像范围、最大空心圆策略和平面完全剖分等特性,提出了基于Voronoi图的警报器空间选址算法。文章详细阐述了算法基本思想和流程,最后进行了算法组件设计和系统开发实践。实践表明采用该算法能满足城市警报器合理选址和适当重叠覆盖的要求,并具有其优越性。     

Ice-free conditions in Novaya Zemlya 35 000–30 000 cal years B.P., as indicated by radiocarbon ages and amino acid racemization evidence from marine molluscs

Novaya Zemlya was covered by the eastern part of the Barents–Kara ice sheet during the glacial maximum of marine isotope stage 2 (MIS 2). We obtained ¹⁴C ages on 37 samples of mollusc shells from various sites on the islands. Most samples yielded ages in the range of 48–26 ¹⁴C Ky. Such old samples are sensitive to contamination by young ¹⁴C, and therefore their reliability was assessed using replicate analyses and amino acid geochronology. The extent of aspartic acid racemization (Asp D/L) indicates that many of the ¹⁴C ages are correct, whereas some are minimum ages only. The results indicate that a substantial part of Novaya Zemlya was ice-free about 35–27 ¹⁴C Kya, and probably even earlier. Corresponding shorelines up to >140 m a.s.l. indicate a large Barents–Kara ice sheet during early MIS 3. These results are consistent with findings from Svalbard and northern Russia: in both places a large MIS 4/3 Barents–Kara ice sheet is postulated to have retreated about 50 Kya, followed by an ice-free interstadial that lasted until up to ca. 25 Kya. The duration of the MIS 2 glaciation in Novaya Zemlya was calculated by applying the D/L values to a kinetic equation for Asp racemization. This indicates that the islands were ice covered for less than 3000 years if the basal temperature was 0^oC, and for less than 10 000 years if it was −5^oC.     

Methods for point source analysis in high energy neutrino telescopes

Neutrino telescopes are moving steadily toward the goal of detecting astrophysical neutrinos from the most powerful galactic and extragalactic sources. Here we describe analysis methods to search for high energy point-like neutrino sources using detectors deep in the ice or sea. We simulate an ideal cubic kilometer detector based on real world performance of existing detectors such as AMANDA, IceCube, and ANTARES. An unbinned likelihood ratio method is applied, making use of the point spread function and energy distribution of simulated neutrino signal events to separate them from the background of atmospheric neutrinos produced by cosmic ray showers. The unbinned point source analyses are shown to perform better than binned searches and, depending on the source spectral index, the use of energy information is shown to improve discovery potential by almost a factor of two.     

多尺度地震资料联合反演方法研究

常规三维地面地震反演不可避免的存在多解性和分辨率不高的缺陷,而油藏地球物理阶段丰富的多尺度地震资料为减小多解性、提高分辨率提供了可能.基于贝叶斯反演理论,通过联合概率分布建立新的似然函数,将三维地面地震、VSP和井间地震三种多尺度资料有机地融合在一起,完善了多尺度地震资料联合反演框架及反演流程.模型测试及实际资料处理表明,联合反演算法有效地引入了小尺度地震资料中的高频信息对大尺度资料进行约束,反演结果在保留大尺度地震资料特征的基础上提高了分辨率,降低了多解性,同时促进了多种地震资料之间的相互匹配.     

Effect of preloading on the amplification characteristics of soil profiles

Preloading is a temporary loading, usually an embankment, applied to improve subsurface soils by densification. This paper studies the effect of preloading on the amplification characteristics of soft sites with an elaborate parametric analysis. The soil type, the depth of the bedrock, the water table depth, the level of preloading, the applied earthquake, the shear wave velocity of the bedrock and the shear modulus and damping versus shear strain relations were varied in a systematic manner. The analysis was performed by the commonly used one-dimensional equivalent-linear dynamic method. The shear wave velocity versus depth and the effect of preloading on shear velocity are computed with well-established soil mechanics equations. The results illustrated that the seismic response at the top of the profile generally decreases as a result of preloading. A more detailed analysis of results shows that the effect of preloading on the seismic response depends on the soil type and the depth of the bedrock. Based on these results, a method is proposed by which a practicing engineer involved with improvement of soft ground can simulate the effect of preloading on the seismic motion.     

基于C4.5算法的遥感影像分类

随着城市化进程的加快,湿地对整个生态系统的可持续发展具有重要的意义。以洪泽湖湿地为研究区,集合TM影像的光谱信息和纹理信息构建空间数据库,获取训练样本,并从训练样本集中获取分类规则;然后利用C4.5算法构建决策树,并基于知识规则推理得到遥感影像分类结果;最后将分类结果与传统的最大似然法进行比较分析。实验表明,基于C4.5算法得到的分类结果的分类总精度为91.9701%,其分类总精度结果明显高于传统的最大似然法的80.0885%;同样,前者的分类结果的Kappa系数为0.900 3,也远远高于最大似然法的0.746 5。     

最大熵增地表蒸散模型:原理及应用综述

精确估算地表蒸散一直是地球系统科学中的难点问题。经典的蒸散模型大多建立在水汽输送及能量平衡约束等基础上,相关的基础理论研究进展缓慢。最大熵增地表蒸散(E-MEP)模型是在综合借鉴贝叶斯概率论、信息熵概念、非平衡态热力学理论和大气边界层湍流相似性理论的基础上,建立的全新地表蒸散理论框架,克服了经典模型的主要缺陷,包括:离散梯度模型不满足能量守恒条件,Penman模型针对饱和土壤,Penman-Monteith模型需要率定经验参数等。E-MEP模型具有3个显著特点:①同时给出地表(包括水面、雪面和冰面)蒸散量、感热通量和介质表面热通量,且在所有时间空间尺度上满足能量平衡方程;②模型公式中没有可调经验参数,不依赖于温度梯度和水汽梯度变量,不需要输入风速和表面粗糙度;③适用于任何土壤含水量和植被覆盖条件。由于E-MEP模型建立在坚实的数学物理基础上,并具有解析表达式,简单易用,其输入变量和模型参数少于传统蒸散模型使用。地表辐射、表面温度、表面比湿等模型输入变量易于实地观测获取,且可通过遥感反演获得。检验分析表明,E-MEP模型优于Penman和Penman-Monteith等传统蒸散模型。这一全新的地表蒸散模型已被用于大尺度地表水热的遥感反演和过程监测,并用于改进气候模式的参数化方案。     

山东沂河中游段古河道形态特征与古流量

选择沂河中游段作为研究河段。根据芭山橡胶坝、北社橡胶坝、沂水县南王庄沂河大桥、336省道(S336)沂河大桥、沂南县澳柯玛沂河大桥的钻孔资料,绘制了5个断面沂河古河槽地质剖面图。在洙阳村附近沂河断面进行了电测法物探,根据钻探验证结果对物探测量的沉积层厚度进行了校正,绘制了洙阳村附近沂河断面古河槽地质剖面图。在洙阳村附近沂河两岸,澳柯玛沂河大桥附近沂河西岸,挖掘剖面采集了光释光(OSL)年代样品,在中国科学院青海盐湖研究所、南京师范大学光释光实验室进行了测试,获得了15个年代结果。选择澳柯玛沂河大桥附近剖面,用河相关系法计算了末次冰期最盛期(LGM)、晚冰期(约12 000 aB.P.)和全新世中期(约7 000 aB.P.)的古流量。结论认为,沂河现在河床下方的基岩河槽为末次冰期最盛期的古河槽,古河道纵比降较大;古河槽宽深比大,河槽宽浅,属于砾石河床分汊型;澳柯玛沂河大桥断面,末次冰期最盛期、晚冰期、全新世中期古流量分别约为17 m~3/s、20 m~3/s、30 m~3/s。     

波阻抗反演正则参数估计

为了解决用正则化方法能够将波阻抗反演的病态问题转为良态问题,通过统计方法合理地选择正则参数的初值,在反演过程中用极大似然（ML）方法实时进行正则参数值估计,提高反演收敛速度,改善反演结果。同时,在具体反演中将正则化方法与快速模拟退火算法相结合,充分发挥正则参数作用,可以获得全局最优解,取得了好的实际应用效果。