定点形变台站监测范围模式

本文根据我国前几年地倾斜清理确认的几十次大、中强震前的异常图象及云南省定点形变台站近几年观测到的几例短期前兆异常图象,选取不同震级的定点形变前兆异常反映最远的28例进行分析研究,得出定点形变台站对不同震级的最大监测范围模式,M=2.552logD-0.707(M为震级,D为震中距),经内部符合检验和实践检验,均符合这一数值模式的监测范围,证明此数值模式确立,具有实用价值,为今后定点形变台站的布设提出了又一依据,对震级和发震极大范围的预报得出了又一新方法。     

On the use of maximum entropy/autoregressive spectrum in harmonic analysis of time series

The maximum entropy (ME) spectrum, or its equivalent form of the autoregressive (AR) spectrum, has been used as a tool for harmonic analysis of time series in geophysics. This paper critically examines its usage in estimating the amplitude and the exponential decay rate of a harmonic function. The argument is based upon Prony's relation, which relates a complex-conjugate pair of poles for the AR model of the time series on one hand, to the complex frequency of one harmonic component in the time series on the other. It is found that: (i) the ME spectrum can be used as an estimator for the decay rate in a way similar to the Fourier spectral analysis; (ii) the ME spectrum contains no information whatsoever about the amplitude, contrary to what has been claimed and practiced in geophysical applications.     

Hard X-ray all-sky imaging with BATSE/CGRO

The large Area Detectors (LADs) of the BATSE experiment aboard the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory have been used recently as the first hard X-ray all-sky imager at energies between 20 keV and 300 keV. The Earth occultation process is formulated in terms of a curved Radon transform convoluted by a step transform in a selected field of view (FOV) ranging from 5°×5° to 40°×40°. The Maximum Entropy Method is then used to reconstruct an image in the hard X-ray sky. Multiple images of different regions of the sky can be produced simultaneously. A source location accuracy of 0.1° for strong sources and a sensitivity limit of 100 mCrab have been achieved in an one-day integration period.Invited Paper on Imaging in High Energy Astronomy, Sept., 1994, Capri, Italyalso Universities Space Research Association     

中国富士苹果种植的气候适宜性研究

基于中国1981-2010年2084个气象台站资料和203个富士苹果种植区分布的地理数据,利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型和ArcGIS平台,从物种分布机理与品质两方面研究了影响富士苹果在中国分布的主导气候因子及适宜范围,并对其气候适宜性进行区域划分和评价。结果表明,影响富士苹果在中国分布的主导气候因子有8个,富士苹果地理分布的气候适宜范围分别为年日照时数2000-2500 h、年平均气温7-14℃、≥10℃积温3000-4800℃·d、最冷月平均气温-7-0℃、夏季气温平均日较差8-12℃、年降水量400-800 mm、夏季平均气温20-26℃、夏季平均空气相对湿度60%-78%。中国富士苹果的气候适宜区主要分布在黄土高原、环渤海湾和黄河古道,其中,黄土高原区的陕西、山西和甘肃气候适宜度最高,而山东和河北两省富士苹果规模化种植还有较大发展空间。      

末次盛冰期以来中国湖泊记录对环流系统及气候类型的响应

为了探讨中国长时间尺度湖泊时空演变规律和潜在的驱动机制,本文在柯本气候分区和中国季风—非季风区的划分基础上,对中国34个有明确数据的典型湖泊运行CCSM 3.0气候模拟系统和水量能量平衡模型模拟其水位变化,同时利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对中国按水汽输送划分的季风区进行验证。结果表明,末次盛冰期以来中国湖泊演化主要受千年尺度大气环流的驱动影响,在各个柯本气候区内没有明显的规律性。末次盛冰期以来,在季风区中国湖泊演化主要有早中全新世湖泊水位相对较高以及末次盛冰期和早全新世湖泊水位均较高2种演变规律;在东亚干旱区主要有中晚全新世期间湖泊水位相对较高以及末次盛冰期和中全新世湖泊水位均较高2种演变规律。本文为中国过去气候变化及湖泊演化机制研究提供新的证据,同时为人类全面认识末次盛冰期以来湖泊水位变化提供了新的视角。     

U_(37)~K指标在南海末次盛冰期表层海水古温度研究中的应用

根据1998年6~9月采集于南海海域沉积岩芯中的浮游有孔虫氧、碳同位素和SiO2、CaCO3地球化学地层序列,标定了南海的年代框架,并应用UK 37指标重建了南海南、北部末次盛冰期以来表层海水的古温度。结果显示:南海南部冰后期和末次盛冰期时UK 37海水表层估温分别为24.5~27.4℃和23.8~25.3℃,平均水温分别为26.3℃和24.3℃。南海北部冰后期和末次盛冰期时UK 37海水表层估温分别为23.3~26.9℃和22.2~23.8℃,平均水温分别为26.6℃和22.8℃。南海北部温差比南部大,也比同一纬度的其它观察点大得多,充分表明南海对气候变化响应的敏感程度远大于开放性大洋,同时也进一步证实了边缘海对于冰期旋回的环境信号具有放大效应。     

Ice stream influence on West Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics during the Last Glacial Maximum

This paper investigates the processes governing bedrock bedform evolution in ice sheet and ice stream areas in central West Greenland, and explores the evidence for a cross‐shelf ice stream at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). To the east of Sisimiut the formation of streamlined bedforms with high elongation ratios and high bedform density has been controlled by geological structure and topography in slow‐flowing ice sheet areas. At the coast, the effects of regional flow convergence, caused by coastal fjord orientation, routed ice into the Sisimiut/Itilleq area where it formed an ice stream onset zone. This funnelled ice into an offshore trough (Holsteinsborg Dyb), resulting in a southwesterly regional ice flow direction and the formation of a topographically routed ice stream (Holsteinsborg Isbrae). To the south of this, striae and bedform evidence show that local valley glaciers initially flowed east to west across the coast, but were later redirected by the Itilleq Fjord ice which turned southwestward due to diffluent flow and deflection by Holsteinsborg Isbrae. Roches moutonnées in this area have low elongation ratios and high bedform density, but do not provide unequivocal support for ice streaming, as they are a product of both bedrock structure and changes in ice flow direction, rather than enhanced flow velocities. Cosmogenic surface exposure ages limit maximum ice sheet surface elevation to ca. 755–810 m above sea level in this region. Such ice thickness enabled Holsteinsborg Isbrae to reach the mid/outer continental shelf during the LGM, and to contribute to the formation of a trough mouth fan and the Outer Hellefisk moraines. Initial deglaciation across this region was driven by rising sea level and increasing air temperatures prior to the Bølling Interstadial at ca. 14.5 cal. ka BP. Between 12 and 10 cal. ka BP both increased air and ocean temperatures post the Younger Dryas, and peak sea‐level rise up to the marine limit, caused accelerated thinning and marginal retreat through calving, although dating evidence suggests ice streams remained along the inner shelf/coast boundary until at least ca. 10 cal. ka BP, their longevity maintained by increased ice thickness and ice discharge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New age constraints for the maximum extent of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet (NW sector)

This paper presents the first terrestrial age constraints from the outer continental shelf for the maximum extent of the NW sector of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet. Cosmogenic ¹⁰Be ages from eight glacially transported boulders on the island of North Rona show that the Late Devensian (Late Weichselian) British–Irish Ice Sheet overrode the island at its maximal stage and retreated c. 25 ka BP. These new dates, supported by other geological evidence, indicate that the north‐western part of the ice sheet was most extensive between 27 and 25 ka BP, reaching the outer continental shelf during the global eustatic sea‐level minimum at the Last Glacial Maximum. Copyright © 2012 British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2012. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.