误差Mohr圆及协因数不变量

作者以Mohr圆表示了平面坐标系中点位协因数的各分量。本法不仅能给出任意方向上的自协因数,也可容易表示出两正交方向间的互协因数。Mohr圆不仅全面地反映了一点的误差状态,并可解决位移检验等实际问题。文中还指出,三维空间点坐标的协因数阵存在3个与坐标系无关的不变量。     

适用于旅游地理学的一种概念模型

米切尔以反映旅游业特征的需求、供给、联系为列，目的、结构、区位三大层面为行，建立起概念矩阵模型。本文阐释这一模型，并将其具体化为旅游地理学研究体系。最后给出应用实例，指出这个模型对一些命题单一、针对性强、又很具体的旅游业可以提供一种有益的系统思维方式。     

Measurements of free radicals in the atmosphere by matrix isolation and electron paramagnetic resonance

With some special adaptations the technique of matrix isolation followed by detection through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) can also be used for the measurement of atmospheric radical concentrations. A light weight cryogenic sampling device has been constructed. It uses condensation of atmospheric CO₂ or H₂O at 77 K for matrix formation and trapping of the radicals. The sampler has been flown on a balloon for stratospheric sampling. First data on stratospheric, HO₂ and NO₂ at 32 km altitude have been obtained on a flight on 8 August 1976 and will be reported.     

Sequence stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary strata in Luanping,Northern Hebei,China

Division and correlation of terrestrial J-K bound are a knotty-argued problem. The key to solving the problem is to find a deposition-continuous section. Owing to stratigraphic hiatus and organism-phylogeny break, we have been discussing the problem without any unitary criterion for several decades. Tectonic ac-tivities occurring strongly in the J-K transitional pe-riod caused commonly sedimentary omissions and frequently volcanic eruptions in northern Hebei Prov-ince, western Liaoning Prov…     

SIMS analyses of oxygen isotopes: Matrix effects in Fe-Mg-Ca garnets

Large instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) may occur during measurements of oxygen isotope ratios by SIMS. Part of this fractionation depends on crystal structure and mineral composition. In order to improve the accuracy of SIMS measurements, we gathered 6 commonly used garnet standards and prepared 6 others to adequately cover the composition range Alm_0-73, Prp_0-99, Grs_0-20. Electron microprobe analyses were performed at UBP-Clermont to check the chemical homogeneity of these standards. Oxygen isotope compositions were determined by laser fluorination and mass spectrometry at UW-Madison. Ten SIMS sessions and 336 δ¹⁸O measurements at CRPG-Nancy, on a Cameca IMS1270 instrument, demonstrate that the standards are homogeneous with external reproducibility of 0.3‰ (1σ). In terms of δ¹⁸O, SIMS measurements indicate that, during a single session, IMF can vary up to 6.3‰ from one garnet standard to another. In most of the sessions, IMF can be correlated with the grossular content. However, for a satisfactory correction scheme, we suggest the combination of the 3 main components (Ca, Fe, Mg). This is done using a simple least square calculation routine. The correction coefficients determined for each session can be used to calculate the IMF and correct the measured isotopic ratio of a garnet of known chemical composition. This way, we were able to reproduce the δ¹⁸O values of most of the Fe-Mg-Ca garnet standards within ± 0.6‰. Interestingly, the use of only 3 end-member standards (AlmCMG, PrpMM, GrsSE) plus a standard of intermediate composition (e.g. UWG-2) is sufficient to reproduce δ¹⁸O within the same precision. Thus, linear interpolation among end-member standards is satisfactory in the case of the garnet solid-solutions. Two studies carried out on zoned garnets from the Alps and the Pyrenees indicate that matrix effects become significant when variations in grossular contents are important (> 10%). In order to obtain reliable isotope ratio measurements on Fe-Mg-Ca garnets using a SIMS, we suggest a correction scheme using at least 3 reliable end-member standards plus a standard of intermediate composition (a garnet standard closest to the average composition of the analysed garnet). This allows cross-checking and incorporates a correction based on the variations in composition of zoned crystals.     

Critical Slope and Plasticity

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加筋砂土作用在挡土墙上的土压力研究

以土的塑性极限分析理论和拱体理论为基础，结合挡土墙的长高比，提出了墙后砂土的两种三维破坏模式，并把两种模式与加筋相结合，求出了在加筋水平间距Sx和竖向间距Sx下作用在墙上主动土压力的上限解和设计的加筋长度。最后通过实例验证了本文的理论。     

Seismic hazard assessment for low-seismicity areas — Case study: Northern Germany

The problem of assessing seismic hazard in low-seismicity areas becomes obvious in many practical applications. A typical low-seismicity area, which experienced damaging earthquakes in historical times, is the North German Plain, for which a case study is presented. It is shown how seismic hazard assessments are influenced by different interpretations of historical key earthquakes, changes in b-value as well as variations of the upper bound magnitude assumed for the seismic source regions. The latter strongly influences the hazard results in the case of very low b-values for long return periods.     

边坡工程加固需求度评价及其应用

稳定程度不足的边坡通常都需要进行加固。但在加固系统设计时工程师们必须搞清边坡的哪些部位应进行重点加固 ,哪些部位只需要一般加固 ,甚至不需要加固 ,以便合理地布置加固措施。在工程地质力学综合集成方法论 (EGMS)的基础上 ,作者提出了边坡工程加固需求度 (DRD)的概念及其应用方法。     

新疆扎基斯坦地区土壤元素有机结合态测量法找铀试验研究

针对常规物化探方法对寻找砂岩型铀矿几乎无效这一现实，初步探讨了土壤元素有机结合态形成机理，并应用土壤有机结合态铀、钼测量法在新疆伊犁盆地南缘扎基斯坦地区进行了寻找地浸砂岩型铀矿试验。与全铀及210Po法测量结果对比表明，土壤有机结合态铀、钼异常能较好地反映埋深200 m以内的铀矿化，而全铀及210Po测量结果对深部砂岩型铀矿化几乎无任何显示。因此，土壤有机结合态铀、钼测量法有望成为地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿的有效方法。