改进蚁群算法的三维激光点云聚类方法

为了提高点云聚类方法的效率和精度,本文提出了一种蚁群优化投影寻踪算法。试验采用机载LiDAR点云数据,通过构建蚁群算法中信息素系数更新的对数反正切函数模型来减少所需的信息素更新系数的迭代次数,不断优化的投影寻踪方向投影,提高寻找最佳投影方向的连续空间的效率,实现了树木和建筑的分割。试验使用人工方法对比评估树木和建筑物的位置和数量的准确性。     

基于匹配追踪的瞬时能量异常属性在Albertine地堑油气预测中的应用

东非裂谷Albertine地堑是当今世界油气勘探的热点地区之一,具有埋藏浅、演化快、地层新的地质特点。作为主力含油气层段的新生代地层中疏松砂岩异常发育,物性参数差异较大,受控于孔隙度以及孔隙流体的综合影响,含油气储层的地震响应无明显规律,油气预测难度较大。基于能量吸收分析思想的指导,在利用匹配追踪时频分解方法有效提高时频分辨率的前提下,进一步提出瞬时能量异常属性的计算方法。以Albertine地堑的W油田为例,针对含油气储层表现的低频能量增加、高频能量衰减的异常特征,借助瞬时能量异常属性实现了油气预测,预测结果获得了钻井的验证。     

投影寻踪评价模型在隧道围岩稳定性分级中的应用

隧道围岩稳定性分级对隧道工程设计和施工具有重要的意义。利用影响隧道围岩稳定性的多种因素,应用投影寻踪评价模型建立隧道围岩稳定性分级方法,探讨了利用不便于量化为投影指标的影响因素对投影分级结果进行修正的方法。应用实例表明,投影寻踪分级结果与其它分级方法的结果相符,证实了方法的正确性。     

Generation of Time History Compatible with Multi-Damping Response Spectra

Based on the method developed by M. Hirasawa and M. Watabe (1992), the authors deduced the related mathematical formulas. Taking an artificial ground motion compatible with single-damping as the original time history, a small corrected time history was calculated by solving linear equations using a singular value decomposition method. We performed iteration to obtain the simulated earthquake motion compatible with multi-damping within a certain accuracy. The influences of selective matching frequencies are discussed preliminarily. Although the current criterion still has no explicit demand on different numbers of matching frequencies for various damping factors, it should be taken into account in practice.     

ROBUST PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS BY PROJECTION PURSUIT

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique in chemometrics.The classical PCAmethod is,unfortunately,non-robust,since the variance is adopted as the objective function.In thispaper,projection pursuit (PP) is used to carry out PCA with a criterion which is more robust than thevariance.In addition,the generalized simulated annealing (GSA) algorithm is introduced as anoptimization procedure in the process of PP calculation to guarantee the global optimum.The resultsfor simulated data sets show that PCA via PP is resistant to the deviation of the error distribution fromthe normal one.The method is especially recommended for use in cases with possible outlier(s) existingin the data.     

基于表层多次波数据的近道地震数据插值方法研究(英文)

本文提出基于原始含表层多次波数据实现叠前共炮集地震数据插值。相对于利用相邻道的信息变换或外推插值用于缺失的地震数据重建,本文方法利用表层多次波数据互相关构建准一次波,将蕴含在表层多次波数据中的,而在采集记录中表现为缺失的近炮检距信息提取出来,并在滑动时间空间窗内采用最小二乘匹配滤波和均方根振幅校正方法进行准一次波校正而后用于数据插值重建。本文方法适用于表层多次波比较发育,同时又存在数据缺失尤其是近炮检距数据缺失情况。方法易于实现,不需多次波和一次波的提取,利用多次波中蕴含的信息实现缺失的地震数据弥补,为含有表层多次波的数据进行近炮检距地震信息的插值重建提供了一个很好的思路。     

投影寻踪模型在地下水水质评价中的应用

通过分析常用水体质量评价模型的缺陷,提出了基于序列二次规划算法的投影寻踪评价模型,并利用多项式插值的方法进行水质分类,取得了符合客观实际的评价结果。某水源地地下水质量评价结果表明:利用投影寻踪方法可以揭示高维数据的结构特征,所建立的评价模型不仅简单、直观和易于理解,而且结果合理,为水源地的保护和合理利用提供了决策依据。     

洪水灾情投影寻踪评估模型

洪水灾情评估是多因素评价问题,它是包括自然、环境、社会经济等多种因素综合作用的结果,必须对各因素进行综合评估,而不能仅依据某单项指标得出评价结论。目前国内外还没有统一的洪水灾情评估指标体系和各指标定量化等级标准。根据投影寻踪技术提出了洪水灾情投影寻踪评估模型,将评价样本的各因素进行线性投影,以最优投影方向所对应的投影特征量作为评价依据,该模型计算过程简单、结果直观,更重要的是评估结果无人为任意性。将这一模型用于1998年洪水的分类和我国部分省市的洪水灾情评估中。实例分析表明,该模型能够很好地对各种洪水灾情进行有效的评估,是一种处理多因素复杂评价问题的新途径。     

Projection Pursuit Evaluation Model: Optimizing Scheme of Crop Planning for Agricultural Sustainable Development and Soil Resources Utilization

Planting structure influences the economic, social, and ecological benefits of crop farming as well as the use efficiency of water and arable land resources, and so crop planning (CP) benefits for agricultural sustainable development and soil resources utilization. The projection pursuit evaluation (PPE) model is put forward to solve the problem of selecting an optimizing scheme for CP by considering the indices of water‐saving and economic, social, and ecological benefits. The real‐coding‐based accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA) is introduced to accelerate the calculation process. The model can translate multi‐indices into a single index by transforming high‐dimensional data to low‐dimensional space, which helps evaluate CP optimizing schemes. For example, the model is used to evaluate and select an optimal scheme of CP in the middle reaches of the Heihe mainstream basin in the arid area of northwest China. According to four criteria (high efficiency of resources use, economic rationality, social equity, and ecological security) 19 indices were chosen to evaluate 12 optimizing schemes of four kinds (economic‐benefit, food‐security, ecological‐benefit, and water‐saving programs) in 2006, 2020, and 2030. The result shows that, in the 3 years, the water‐saving program is always the optimized scheme in an arid region with water deficiency and fragile ecology. The evaluated results match up to the developmental conditions of crop farming in recent years. Moreover, the direction of the optimal projection could reflect the weight and orientation of indices objectively and accurately.     

基于压缩感知的高分辨率平面波分解方法研究

平面波分解方法是地震资料处理中的一项关键技术,它广泛地运用在平面波偏移、各类Beam偏移等成像方法中.平面波分解不仅可以提高偏移成像的效率,而且可以压制地震资料中的随机噪音,提高地震数据的信噪比.线性Radon变换（LRT）是一种常见的实现平面波分解的方法,但常规的LRT存在以下两个缺点：（1）分辨率受测不准原理限制;（2）变换结果存在很多噪音和空间假频.为了克服LRT的上述缺点,本文提出一种基于压缩感知的高分辨率平面波分解方法,并利用加权匹配追踪（WMP）技术实现了该方法.该方法将LRT视为一个参数估计问题,并将LRT结果的稀疏性作为约束条件,在压缩感知理论的指导下利用WMP方法得到高分辨率、高信噪比的平面波分解结果.另外,该方法还可以用于提取地震数据的线性信号、压制随机噪音、实现高维地震数据规则化等地震资料处理技术.数值实验结果证明：WMP方法可以有效地提取地震数据中的线性信号,提高LRT的分辨率和信噪比,从而改善平面波分解的质量.