地理编码(Geocoding)的应用研究

该文阐述地理编码(Geocoding)的技术应用和发展。首先从地理编码的定义出发,论述了它在地址定位和空间信息整合方面的作用。分析国内外地理编码技术的应用方法和领域,总结了它在应用方面存在的一些问题以及解决这些问题的方法和策略。探讨地理编码在实现数字城市空间信息的融合和共享方面的作用。     

洪水灾情投影寻踪评估模型

洪水灾情评估是多因素评价问题,它是包括自然、环境、社会经济等多种因素综合作用的结果,必须对各因素进行综合评估,而不能仅依据某单项指标得出评价结论。目前国内外还没有统一的洪水灾情评估指标体系和各指标定量化等级标准。根据投影寻踪技术提出了洪水灾情投影寻踪评估模型,将评价样本的各因素进行线性投影,以最优投影方向所对应的投影特征量作为评价依据,该模型计算过程简单、结果直观,更重要的是评估结果无人为任意性。将这一模型用于1998年洪水的分类和我国部分省市的洪水灾情评估中。实例分析表明,该模型能够很好地对各种洪水灾情进行有效的评估,是一种处理多因素复杂评价问题的新途径。     

ROBUST PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS BY PROJECTION PURSUIT

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique in chemometrics.The classical PCAmethod is,unfortunately,non-robust,since the variance is adopted as the objective function.In thispaper,projection pursuit (PP) is used to carry out PCA with a criterion which is more robust than thevariance.In addition,the generalized simulated annealing (GSA) algorithm is introduced as anoptimization procedure in the process of PP calculation to guarantee the global optimum.The resultsfor simulated data sets show that PCA via PP is resistant to the deviation of the error distribution fromthe normal one.The method is especially recommended for use in cases with possible outlier(s) existingin the data.     

区域泥石流危险度评价的投影寻踪动态聚类方法

在对投影寻踪聚类方法深入分析的基础上,首次把投影寻踪聚类的思想和动态聚类方法结合起来构造投影指标,提出了投影寻踪动态聚类(PPDC)新方法,新方法在整个运算过程中完全由自身数据驱动,毋需人为给定参数,具有聚类结果客观、明确以及稳定性好、操作简便等特点。计算结果表明,PPDC法应用于区域泥石流危险度评价不仅切实可行,而且能克服了现有评价方法的不足,取得了令人满意的实际应用效果。上述应用为同类问题的研究开创了一条新途径,也进一步为生态保护、防灾减灾提供科学依据和技术支持。     

基于匹配追踪的RGB融合技术及在河道刻画中的应用

准确、高效地获取地震资料的频率信息是时频技术的关键。目前最热门的匹配追踪算法相比常用的小波变换和广义S变换来说,具有更高的时频分辨率和局部自适应性,能同时在时间域和频率域获得较准确的定位,提取较准确的频率域信息,为地震属性研究、油气检测等研究工作服务。RGB色彩融合技术是一种显示技术,它可以将多个频率体分为低、中、高三个频带进行融合显示,全面地反映各频带信息,弥补单一属性包含信息较少的缺点。将采用匹配追踪的RGB色彩融合技术应用于实际地震资料,清楚地刻画了河道的边界,并对河道内部的非均质性有一定程度的反映,较常规属性具有更深刻的意义。     

改进蚁群算法的三维激光点云聚类方法

为了提高点云聚类方法的效率和精度,本文提出了一种蚁群优化投影寻踪算法。试验采用机载LiDAR点云数据,通过构建蚁群算法中信息素系数更新的对数反正切函数模型来减少所需的信息素更新系数的迭代次数,不断优化的投影寻踪方向投影,提高寻找最佳投影方向的连续空间的效率,实现了树木和建筑的分割。试验使用人工方法对比评估树木和建筑物的位置和数量的准确性。     

基于表层多次波数据的近道地震数据插值方法研究(英文)

本文提出基于原始含表层多次波数据实现叠前共炮集地震数据插值。相对于利用相邻道的信息变换或外推插值用于缺失的地震数据重建,本文方法利用表层多次波数据互相关构建准一次波,将蕴含在表层多次波数据中的,而在采集记录中表现为缺失的近炮检距信息提取出来,并在滑动时间空间窗内采用最小二乘匹配滤波和均方根振幅校正方法进行准一次波校正而后用于数据插值重建。本文方法适用于表层多次波比较发育,同时又存在数据缺失尤其是近炮检距数据缺失情况。方法易于实现,不需多次波和一次波的提取,利用多次波中蕴含的信息实现缺失的地震数据弥补,为含有表层多次波的数据进行近炮检距地震信息的插值重建提供了一个很好的思路。     

Seismic comprehensive forecast based on modified project pursuit regression

In the research of projection pursuit for seismic comprehensive forecast, the algorithm of projection pursuit regression (PPR) is one of most applicable methods. But generally, the algorithm structure of the PPR is very complicated. By partial smooth regressions for many times, it has a large amount of calculation and complicated extrapolation, so it is easily trapped in partial solution. On the basis of the algorithm features of the PPR method, some solutions are given as below to aim at some shortcomings in the PPR calculation: to optimize project direction by using particle swarm optimization instead of Gauss-Newton algorithm, to simplify the optimal process with fitting ridge function by using Hermitian polynomial instead of piecewise linear regression. The overall optimal ridge function can be obtained without grouping the parameter optimization. The modeling capability and calculating accuracy of projection pursuit method are tested by means of numerical emulation technique on the basis of particle swarm optimization and Hermitian polynomial, and then applied to the seismic comprehensive forecasting models of poly-dimensional seismic time series and general disorder seismic samples. The calculation and analysis show that the projection pursuit model in this paper is characterized by simplicity, celerity and effectiveness. And this model is approved to have satisfactory effects in the real seismic comprehensive forecasting, which can be regarded as a comprehensive analysis method in seismic comprehensive forecast.     

基于正交秩-1矩阵追踪的天然地震数据重建研究:以加州San Jacinto断层密集地震台阵为例

由于受地理环境和采集成本等因素的影响,采集到的天然地震数据往往呈现不规则和不完整分布,将直接影响到后续的天然地震数据处理效果,因此需要对缺失数据进行重建.本文将一种基于降秩补全理论的正交秩-1矩阵追踪算法(Orthogonal Rank-One Matrix Pursuit,OR1MP)应用于加州San Jacinto断层带的天然地震数据重建.首先将空间数据的每个频率切片进行Hankel预变换,获取具有低秩结构特征的预变换矩阵,缺失地震道和随机噪声会增加数据预变换矩阵的秩,然后运用OR1MP算法进行降秩处理,最后做反Hankel变换,得到频域上的重建数据.OR1MP算法对2D和3D的加州San Jacinto断层带的天然地震数据实验结果表明,OR1MP算法能够有效地增加地震体的峰值信噪比,能较好地实现对天然地震信号的重建.     

Generation of Time History Compatible with Multi-Damping Response Spectra

Based on the method developed by M. Hirasawa and M. Watabe (1992), the authors deduced the related mathematical formulas. Taking an artificial ground motion compatible with single-damping as the original time history, a small corrected time history was calculated by solving linear equations using a singular value decomposition method. We performed iteration to obtain the simulated earthquake motion compatible with multi-damping within a certain accuracy. The influences of selective matching frequencies are discussed preliminarily. Although the current criterion still has no explicit demand on different numbers of matching frequencies for various damping factors, it should be taken into account in practice.