干涉图像第二类统计Goldstein自适应滤波方法

干涉图滤波是InSAR数据处理中的关键步骤之一,滤波结果的优劣会直接影响到相位观测的质量和最终产品精度。本文结合干涉图滤波算法的研究进展,对Goldstein频率域滤波及其经典改进算法进行了系统分析和比较,在此基础上提出了一种基于第二类统计的稳健相干性估计量的Goldstein自适应滤波方法。本文采用模拟数据和Envisat ASAR真实数据与现有方法进行了验证,试验结果表明,新的滤波方法在保持细节和抑制噪声方面优势更加明显。     

Underwater Navigation Based on Real-Time Simultaneous Sound Speed Profile Correction

Precise sound speed profile (SSP) information is critical when using sonar for underwater terrain navigation. Nevertheless, acquiring SSP information in real-time is difficult, especially in underwater navigation environment. To account for this problem, this paper presents an underwater navigation method that applies real-time SSP correction to the terrain measurements. The method uses a probe to measure the surface sound speed simultaneously. Meanwhile, redundancy of topographic measurement data is exploited to derive the equivalent SSP information. The acquired equivalent SSP is updated continuously with particle filter algorithm. The terrain measurements can be corrected in real-time with the equivalent SSP to improve the performance of underwater terrain navigation. By removing the impact of inaccurate SSP from the terrain measurements, the proposed method can achieve precise and robust underwater navigation result without using an underway-profiling instrument. Simulated results confirm the good performance of the proposed method.     

中国地区集合预报产品自适应递减平均偏差订正法的改进研究

基于中国地区T213集合预报产品2 m温度预报数据,采用卡尔曼滤波类型的自适应递减平均法进行偏差订正处理,原方案在剧烈降温天气订正效果表现不理想。通过对递减平均参数w的重新构建得到改进的订正方案w(i,p)(i为站点信息,p为天气过程信息),在此基础上进一步优化对历史信息的有效提取,得到改进的方案w(i,p)相似法和w(i,p)统计法,并进行效果检验。结果表明:改进为包含空间和天气过程信息的函数w(i,p)后方案的订正效果得到不同程度的提高,其中24 h剧烈降温预报各成员预报均方根误差平均减小了0. 15℃;而进一步改进的w(i,p)统计法在当前几种剧烈降温预报中订正效果最优,其集合平均偏差与w(i,p)方案相比减小2. 54℃。     

速度传感反馈地震计的动态范围上限

在开环参数一定的条件下,速度传感反馈地震计中的环路滤波是影响地震计主要技术指标的关键环节之一.本文探讨了一阶极点高通、一阶极点低通、一阶零点高通、双一阶和零阶环路滤波在扩展地震计动态范围上限方面的优缺点.研究指出,对于用闭环反馈直接生成主导二阶极点的速度传感反馈地震计,一阶零点高通环路滤波的优点较多;若允许在环外生成主导二阶极点,则零阶环路滤波也不失为一个较好的方案.     

几种非线性滤波算法的性能比较与分析

在非线性状态估计中,传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波通过线性化来实现高斯近似,由于截断误差的存在很难保证估计精度;而基本粒子滤波容易出现粒子退化,导致滤波发散。针对粒子滤波的两个基本假设：蒙特卡罗假设和重要采样假设,采用蒙特卡罗随机链的方法来提高粒子的多样性,并利用无味卡尔曼滤波来产生更高精度的替代分布,发展了无味粒子滤波。通过仿真实验证明,相比较扩展卡尔曼滤波和基本粒子滤波,改进后的无味粒子滤波算法性能更优越,对含有非线性非高斯的状态估计问题有更好的滤波效果。     

基于Gabor变换的嵌入式气表自动识别系统

介绍一种基于嵌入式操作系统WinCE开发的天然气表字符自动识别系统。系统运用区域增长法和最大类间方差法对图像进行字符区域定位及字符分割,提出了将Gabor特征用于气表字符识别并讨论了Gabor滤波器参数优化设置方法。实验表明系统具有良好的识别效果及实时性。     

捷联式海洋重力数据的小波阈值滤波

基于捷联式海洋重力测量数据,对比不同小波、阈值及施加方式对滤波效果的影响。结果表明,db6、db7、db8、db9、db10、sym6、sym7、sym8、sym9、sym10、coif3、coif4和coif5小波较适用于海洋重力测量,小波分解层次可取至8层或9层,采用史坦无偏风险阈值滤波效果较好;小波分解至第8、9层时,阈值滤波结果与截止频率为0.005 Hz和0.003 3 Hz的Butterworth低通滤波器的滤波结果吻合较好,但小波阈值滤波结果更加平滑,两者差值的RMSE在0.25 mGal以内,且小波阈值滤波更容易分解出噪声成分,可以更有效地消除重力畸变。     

Robust adaptive unscented Kalman filter for bearings-only tracking in three dimensional case

This paper proposes an improved version of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), namely Robust Adaptive UKF (RAUKF), with a special focus on Bearings-Only Target Tracking for three-dimensional case (3DBOT). The automatic tuning of the noise covariance matrices and the robust estimation of the target states form a critical point for the performance of the Kalman-type filtering algorithms, especially in the variable environmental conditions exposed in underwater. The key idea of the proposed filter is to combine robust aspects of UKF and adaption of the process and measurement noise covariance matrices with low computational complexity. The main contribution of this paper is to adjust these matrices by means of the steepest descent algorithm, and the H_∞ technique is embedded to achieve superior performance in terms of accuracy and robustness against initial conditions and model uncertainties. Different experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in the 3DBOT problem with a single moving observer. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed filter produce more accurate results with satisfactory computational burden in comparison with other methods.     

Hydrodynamic performance of a T-shaped floating breakwater

The comprehensive utilization of floating breakwaters, specially acting as a supporting structure for offshore marine renewable energy explorations, has received more and more attention recently. Based on linear water-wave theory, the hydrodynamic performance of a T-shaped floating breakwater is semi-analytically investigated through the matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM). Auxiliary functions, to speed up the convergence and improve the accuracy in the numerical computations, are introduced to represent the singular behavior of fluid field near the lower salient corners of the structure. The effects of the height and installation position of the vertical screen on the reflection and transmission coefficients, dynamic response and wave forces are examined. It is found that the presence of the screen shifts the resonance frequency of RAO for both surge and pitch modes to the low-frequency area, while has no effect on heave mode. The identical added masses, damping and transmission coefficients can be obtained in the cases where the screen holds the same distance away from the longitudinal central axis of the upper box-type structure. Moreover, a relatively small pitch response can be achieved in a wide wave–frequency range, when the breakwater is Γ-shaped.     

一种顾及道路复杂度的增量路网构建方法

针对传统路网采集和更新需要昂贵的实地测量以及大量的后续内业处理问题,提出了一种从大规模粗糙轨迹数据中自动生成路网的方法。该方法包含轨迹滤选和路网增量构建两步:第1步通过构建空间、时间、逻辑约束的规则模型,在消除数据中的噪音和冗余的同时,将原始轨迹进行合理分割,滤选形成规范轨迹集合;第2步基于信息熵计算轨迹点周围道路的复杂度,据此自动调节道路分割参数,不断将新产生的路段加入到路网,同时计算道路平均交通流量和速度等路况信息,遍历各规范轨迹的定位点重复以上处理过程,最终得到完整路网。通过昆明市200辆出租车采集的约6851万条轨迹数据进行路网构建试验,并与OpenStreetMap数据比较,证明了本文方法的有效性。与已有典型方法比较,本文方法能用更少节点提取更高质量的路网。