MODELLING LONG‐TERM SUMMER AND WINTER BALANCES AND THE CLIMATE SENSITIVITY OF STORBREEN,NORWAY

Measurements of winter balance (b_w) and summer balance (b_s) have been carried out at Storbreen since 1949. Here we apply a simple mass balance model to study the climate sensitivity and to reconstruct the mass balance series priorto 1949. The model is calibrated and validated with data from an automatic weather station (AWS) operating in the ablation zone of Storbreen since 2001. Regression analysis revealed that b_w was best modelled using precipitation data southwest of the glacier. Results from the model compared well with reported mass balance values for the period 1949–2006, obtained correlations (r) for b_w and b_s varied between 0.83 and 0.87 depending on model set up. Reconstruction of the mass balance series for the period 1924/1925–1948/1949 suggested a cumulative mass deficit of c. 30 m w.e. mainly due to highly negative summer balances, but also lower b_wthan the average for 1949–2006. Calculated change in specific mass balance for a ±1°C change in air temperature was ±0.55 m w.e., whereas a ±10 % increase in precipitation represented a change of ±0.20 m w.e. Model results further indicated that for a 2°C warming, the ablation season will be extended by c. 30 days and that the period of ice melt at the AWS location will increase from c. 40 to c. 80 days.     

湘西合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变及质量平衡

湘西柳林汊一带钠长石-石英脉型金矿十分发育。为了揭示该区金矿的成矿物质来源、成矿过程及成矿流体信息,对该区最典型的合仁坪钠长石-石英脉型金矿床围岩蚀变特征进行研究,并利用标准化Isocon图解法,对围岩蚀变过程中物质带入、带出进行质量平衡计算。结果表明:合仁坪金矿床的围岩蚀变主要包括绢云母化(褪色化)、黄铁矿化和绿泥石化,其中褪色化分布最为广泛,是该区金矿床最重要的蚀变类型;在合仁坪金矿床形成过程中,围岩中的Al2O3为惰性组分,Na2O、Sr、V、Cr、W、Nb、Th及部分挥发分(S、CO2和H2O)等组分被带入围岩中,而SiO2、Fe2O3、K2O、CaO、MgO、Cu、As、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Sb、Li、Rb、Ba等组分从围岩中迁出;轻稀土元素的迁出程度远远大于重稀土元素,围岩蚀变过程中轻、重稀土元素发生强烈的分异;矿脉中钠长石的钠质并非来自赋矿围岩,而是由成矿流体从外界带入的;矿脉石英中硅质则部分来自赋矿围岩。     

3S在耕地保护动态监管中的关键技术研究

随着3S技术的发展和逐渐成熟,应用也越来越多,该文主要利用RS技术快速获取遥感卫星影像数据,利用GPS技术获取动态监测数据,利用GIS的可视化技术和强大的空间分析功能,整合建立全省整治项目数据库,依托于省国土资源内网,遵循山东省国土资源系统"一个平台,两个市场"实施方案技术要求,充分利用现有网络、软硬件等基础设施,建立省、市、县三级国土资源耕地保护管理全业务、全流程的网上运行和全程监管机制,构建全省统一的耕地保护动态监管网络体系,实现了对耕地保护的动态监管,为耕地的"先补后占,占补平衡"提供了可靠的保障。     

移动Agent 在集群系统中的应用研究

从任务级的角度，在基于主／从模式的集群系统中引入了移动Agent技术，建立了基于移动Agent的并行计算模型。基于该模型，对移动Agent之间的通信接口、容错机制和负载平衡策略等问题进行了研究。     

奈曼沙地春小麦蒸散量及其分析

运用波文比-能量平衡法和大型蒸渗仪对沙地春小麦的蒸散量进行了连续的测定和估算,并对由于降雨和灌溉所引起的土壤有效水分变化与沙地春小麦蒸散量之间的相关关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明:①春小麦蒸散量在降水或灌溉后1~2 d最大,然后逐渐下降,说明春小麦的蒸散速度受土壤有效水分含量的影响;②春小麦出苗前和生长初期,蒸散以地表蒸发为主,蒸散量较小,感热通量和土壤热通量较大;随着时间推移,L AI(叶面积系数)逐渐增大,由于作物遮蔽,感热通量和土壤热通量减小,潜热通量对净辐射贡献增大;③测定期间,波文比在早晨日出前(5:00)达到最大,至下午15:00左右下降为最小,然后开始增大至次日凌晨;④应用波文比-能量平衡法估测的沙地春小麦蒸散量与大型蒸渗仪的测定值一致性较好,相关系数R²为0.9055。     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘丘间地梭梭群落蒸散特征

根据2016年古尔班通古特沙漠南缘丘间地梭梭生育期定点观测的土壤水分、气象要素等资料,基于水量平衡原理估算了梭梭生育期蒸散量,分析了蒸散变化规律。结果表明：（1）在梭梭生长季,降雨量为206.7 mm,降雨分布不均,梭梭萌发期,降雨量最多;梭梭生长旺盛期,月降雨量逐月减少;梭梭枯落期,降雨量最少。（2）在梭梭生长季,梭梭群落0~400 cm土壤贮水量变化整体呈下降趋势,梭梭萌发期是土壤贮水量盈余期,生长旺盛期和枯落期为土壤贮水量亏损期;梭梭群落发挥土壤水库效应,依靠生长季前土壤蓄水来弥补梭梭群落生长季需水缺额。（3）在梭梭生长季,蒸散量变化特征为多峰曲线,峰值主要出现在降雨集中期,最低值出现在土壤贮水量亏损期。（4）在梭梭生长季,梭梭群落累积蒸散量增幅始终高于累积降雨量增幅,累积蒸散量大于累积降雨量。     

淮河流域水文随机方法的径流图化(英文)

Theoretical difficulties for mapping and for estimating river regime characteristics in a large-scale basin remain because of the nature of the variable under study: river flows are related to a specific area, i.e. the drainage basin, and are hierarchically organized in space through the river network with upstream-downstream dependencies. Another limitation is there are not enough gauge stations in developing countries. This presentation aims at de-veloping the hydro-stochastic approach for producing choropleth maps of average annual runoff and computing mean discharge along the main river network for a large-scale basin. The approach applied to mean annual runoff is based on geostatistical interpolation proce-dures coupled with water balance and data uncertainty analyses. It is proved by an applica-tion in the upstream at Bengbu in the Huaihe River Basin, a typical large-scale basin in China. Hydro-stochasitic approach in a first step interpolates to a regular grid net and in a second step the grid values are integrated along rivers. The interpolation scheme includes a con-straint to be able to account for the lateral water balance along the rivers. Grid runoff map with 10 km × 10 km resolution and the discharge map along the river with the 1 km basic length unit are the main results in this study. This kind of statistic approach can be widely used be-cause it avoids the complexity of hydrological models and does not depend on the meteoro-logical data.     

A new carbon and oxygen balance model based on ecological service of urban vegetation

The application of human induced oxygen consumption and carbon emission theory in urban region was summed up and on this base a new model of urban carbon and oxygen balance (UCOB) was constructed by calculating the carbon and oxygen fluxes. The purpose was to highlight the role of vegetation in urban ecosystems and evaluate the effects of various human activities on urban annual oxygen consumption and carbon emission. Hopefully,the model would be helpful in theory to keep the regional balance of carbon and oxygen,and provide guidance and support for urban vegetation planning in the future. To test the UCOB model,the Jimei District of Xiamen City,Fujian Province,China,a very typical urban region,was selected as a case study. The results turn out that Jimei′s vegetation service in oxygen emission and carbon sequestration could not meet the demand of the urban population,and more than 31.49 times of vegetation area should be added to meet the whole oxygen consumption in Jimei while 9.60 times of vegetation area are needed to meet the carbon sequestration targets. The results show that the new UCOB model is of a great potential to be applied to quantitative planning of urban vegetation and regional eco-compensation mechanisms.     

面向航空影像匀光的改进马斯克法

针对光学遥感影像匀光中的马斯克匀光方法的实现需要较大的滤波窗口,易导致匀光的结果对影像中的水体、阴影等存在较大的辐射增强,以及对影像的边缘处理有较大的误差等问题,该文提出改进的马斯克匀光方法:首先生成背景影像;然后对输入影像与获得的背景影像复合进行锐化增强;最后对锐化增强的结果进行拉伸处理。试验结果表明,该方法可以在滤波器窗口为3或5的情况下在对影像匀光的同时实现锐化增强。     

采用力矩平衡原理建立地图视觉平衡模型

提出了一种基于力矩平衡原理的视觉平衡模型,该模型将定性的评估转化为定量的评估方法。基于C^#+ArcGIS Engine平台,利用3幅代表性的地图作为实验用图,证明视觉平衡模型的计算结果与用户的视觉感受一致。