基于机器学习的海洋环境预报订正方法研究

结合中尺度数值模式 WRF 预报数据和 ERA5 再分析资料,利用机器学习方法对 WRF 预报场的风场、温度、气压进行预报订正。采用 ERA5 作为真值,与原始 WRF 预报相比,利用随机森林模型可以将预报结果整体均方根误差降低 44%以 上,利用深度神经网络模型可以将预报结果整体均方根误差降低 34%以上。通过随机森林模型实验得到不同输入特征对预报要素的影响程度,分析了关键的预报订正因子。     

城镇黑臭河道治理:多水塘活水链人工湿地的应用

随着现代工业的发展,城市黑臭河道问题日趋严重,严重影响了城市形象、生态环境和居民身心健康。利用多水塘活水链人工湿地技术净化江苏常州永胜河河水水质。监测结果显示:该技术使水体总氮浓度削减了92.0%、总磷浓度削减了82.9%,处理后的水体总氮、总磷含量达到地表IV类水标准。项目年处理水量约30万t,每年以较低的成本(平均水处理费用约为0.03元/t),削减总氮、总磷和氨氮量分别为1496.6 kg、176.0 kg和1408.6 kg。通过引植多种浮叶植物、挺水植物、沉水植物,该湿地修复工程为当地营造了优美的湿地景观。多水塘活水链人工湿地是集经济效益、生态效益、环境效益于一体的新型水体生态治理技术,为我国城镇黑臭河道治理提供了一条新的途径。     

基于CFD的单个建筑物风场模拟参数选择

运用流体力学软件FloEFD对沽源单个建筑物周围的风场进行数值模拟。通过不断改变模型中计算参数的设置进行一系列模拟试验,对比模拟试验结果,并与观测资料进行比较,分析不同计算参数对模拟结果的影响,并获得适用于该模型的最佳参数。主要研究的计算参数包括计算域高度,初始网格等级,局部初始网格等级和不同平均风速剖面形式。结果表明:计算域高度从3倍建筑物高度开始,空腔区的长度、漩涡中心位置以及再发展区的边界位置基本保持稳定。随着初始网格等级的增加,空腔区的长度、再发展区的边界位置及计算时间逐渐增大。局部初始网格等级对模拟结果影响不显著。以两种不同平均风速剖面形式进行模拟,迎风漩涡长度不同,背风面影响不大。与观测资料比较显示,最优参数组合为:计算域高度为3倍建筑物高度,初始网格等级为4、局部初始网格等级为4、平均风速剖面形式为指数律。     

The periodic variations of the core drift rate: global and zonal motions (Mitteilung des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde,Nr. 1746)

Toroidal zonal motions at the top of the Earth's core were computed from the observed secular variation and investigated with regard to their time dependence. Previously derived results for a pure westward drifting core could be re-examined. Additionally, the well-known 66.7 years period was found to be an oscillation of the zonal velocity field of third degree. With respect to periodic constituents, the total magnetic core-mantle coupling torque according to the zonal motions is comparable with that derived for a pure westward drifting core. Some differences in period lengthes and amplitudes do not remove previously stated differences between the spectra of the magnetic and mechanical torques on principle.     

The outer core rotation about an inclined axis from geomagnetic secular variations (Mitteilungen des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde,Nr. 1832)

Non-axisymmetric motions of the outer core of the Earth are important for the dynamo problem and the excitation of the decade variations of the polar motion. The components of the vector of a rigid rotation of the outer core about an inclined axis were estimated by a first-order approximation of the frozen- field theory of the geomagnetic secular variation from 1903.5 to 1975.5. The trends and quasi-periodic constituents of these quantities were computed. It was shown that the position and time behaviour of the rotational pole of the outer core differ considerably from the well-know co-ordinates of the dipole axis. Some periods of the equatorial components of the rotational vector are comparable with those of the axial component previously derived for a pure axial rotation. Additionally, the time behaviour of the pole path shows events like the well-known Markowitz wobble but naturally with other extent. These and other results suggested that the investigations are worth to be continued in future by some physical interpretations.     

Determination of the degree 120 time-variable gravity field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region using Slepian functions and terrestrial measurements

The terrestrial time-variable gravity measurements are characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to the sources of mass change in the Earth's crust. These gravity data have many applications, such as surface deformation, groundwater storage changes, and mass migration before and after earthquakes. Based on repeated terrestrial gravity measurements at 198 gravity stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan region (SYR) from 2015 to 2017, we determine a time series of degree 120 gravity fields using the localized spherical harmonic (Slepian) basis functions. Our results show that adopting the first 6 Slepian basis functions is sufficient for effective localized Slepian modeling in the SYR. The differences between two gravity campaigns at the same time of year show an obvious correlation with tectonic features. The degree 120 timevariable gravity models presented in this paper will benefit the study of the regional mass migration inside the crust of the SYR and supplement the existing geophysical models for the China Seismic Experimental Site.     

论勘查地球化学区域模式及找矿意义

本文的主要目的是把地球化学块体概念、地球化学场概念及地球化学异常概念的异同性及空间关系进行比较,供读者加以参考。并从它们的基本概念开始论述,然后自内涵的相同与不同、以及在生产实践中的意义方面总结了3个勘查地球化学模式的区别与内在的联系;最后总结它们在地质找矿中的意义。     

瞬变电磁法三维模拟计算研究进展

瞬变电磁法应用于矿产资源、环境工程等领域.目前主流的瞬变电磁三维正演模拟方法包括积分方程法、有限差分法、有限体积法和有限元法.随着观测环境的复杂化以及探测精度要求的提高,有必要研究瞬变电磁法高精度三维模拟计算,以便推动数据处理解释方法的进步.本文系统介绍了瞬变电磁三维正演计算研究进展,分析了准静态差分方程的构建和发射源...     

An interpretation of the variations of the magnetic core-mantle coupling torques and the core drift rate

The influence of recently computed axial magnetic core-mantle coupling torques on the Earth's rotation was investigated. These torques derived from poloidal geomagnetic field within the mantle and at the core-mantle boundary are retarding torques. An accelerating torque due to the action of unknown parts of the core field was estimated by inverse solution of the equation of the mantle rotation for the periodic variations of the quantities of the magnetic field and the length of day. The variations of the drift rate of the Earth's core were compared with those of the mantle rotation velocity for a force-free Earth. The time constants of the coupling process were estimated and discussed in connection with the magnetic coupling of the mantle with an upper core layer. Der Einfluß kürzlich berechneter axialer Kern-Mantel-Kopplungsmomente auf die Erdrotation wurde untersucht. Diese Lorentz-Drehmomente, abgeleitet vom poloidalen geomagnetischen Feld im Mantel und an der Kern-Mantel-Grenze, sind retardierende Momente. Ein beschleunigendes Drehmoment, das der Wirkung unbekannter Feldanteile zugeordnet wird, wurde durch inverse Lösung der Mantelrotationsgleichung für die periodischen Variationen der Magnetfeldgrößen und der Tageslänge abgeschätzt. Die Variationen der Kerndriftgeschwindigkeit wurden mit denen der Mantelrotationsgeschwindigkeit für eine kräftefreie Erde verglichen. Die Zeitkonstanten des Kopplungsprozesses wurden ermittelt und im Zusammenhang mit der magnetischen Kopplung des Mantels mit einer oberen Kernschicht diskutiert.     

关于GeoMedia Professional坐标系统定义问题的探讨

介绍了GeoMedia Professional软件在油田地面工程数字化工作中的应用,并针对设置工作空间、数据库、特征类的坐标系统时容易混淆的问题,及该问题引起的不同数据库之间的坐标系统不一致,以及一个数据库中个别特征类的坐标系统参数不正确的情况进行了分析,同时总结了操作过程中需要注意的问题及解决方法。