全文获取类型
收费全文 | 445篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 102篇 |
大气科学 | 35篇 |
地球物理 | 92篇 |
地质学 | 124篇 |
海洋学 | 20篇 |
天文学 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 32篇 |
自然地理 | 87篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 36篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有493条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
11.
科技成果成功转化的主要标志是其产品的市场畅销度。产品的畅销度由于受各种内外部不确定因素影响,具有随机不确定性。基于这种随机不确定性,运用Markov chain对其产品进行市场预测,并通过实证分析说明其有效性,为科技成果的转化提供具体可行的定量依据。 相似文献
12.
针对低频(采样间隔大于1min)轨迹数据匹配算法精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于强化学习和历史轨迹的匹配算法HMDP-Q,首先通过增量匹配算法提取历史路径作为历史参考经验库;根据历史参考经验库、最短路径和可达性筛选候选路径集;再将地图匹配过程建模成马尔科夫决策过程,利用轨迹点偏离道路距离和历史轨迹构建回报函数;然后借助强化学习算法求解马尔科夫决策过程的最大回报值,即轨迹与道路的最优匹配结果;最后应用某市浮动车轨迹数据进行试验。结果表明:本文算法能有效提高轨迹数据与道路匹配精度;本算法在1min低频采样间隔下轨迹匹配准确率达到了89.2%;采样频率为16min时,该算法匹配精度也能达到61.4%;与IVVM算法相比,HMDP-Q算法匹配精度和求解效率均优于IVVM算法,16min采样频率时本文算法轨迹匹配精度提高了26%。 相似文献
13.
改进支持向量机的高分遥感影像道路提取 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对支持向量机受分类数的限制在高分辨率遥感影像中无法直接获取高精度道路网信息的问题,该文提出一种新的混合的基于支持向量机的方法:首先,利用模糊C均值聚类方法将输入的遥感影像分为3类,以减少支持向量机的错分现象;其次,运用支持向量机将不同类别的像素分为道路类和非道路类;最后,应用马尔科夫随机场对分类结果进行噪声去除,并采用形态学进行后处理,进而得到精确道路网信息。实验结果表明:该算法不仅能够从高分辨率遥感影像中提取出道路网,而且精度优于直接使用支持向量机算法以及对比算法。 相似文献
14.
15.
Tingting Xu Jay Gao Giovanni Coco 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(10):1960-1983
Accurate simulations and predictions of urban expansion are critical to manage urbanization and explicitly address the spatiotemporal trends and distributions of urban expansion. Cellular Automata integrated Markov Chain (CA-MC) is one of the most frequently used models for this purpose. However, the urban suitability index (USI) map produced from the conventional CA-MC is either affected by human bias or cannot accurately reflect the possible nonlinear relations between driving factors and urban expansion. To overcome these limitations, a machine learning model (Artificial Neural Network, ANN) was integrated with CA-MC instead of the commonly used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Logistic Regression (LR) CA-MC models. The ANN was optimized to create the USI map and then integrated with CA-MC to spatially allocate urban expansion cells. The validated results of kappa and fuzzy kappa simulation indicate that ANN-CA-MC outperformed other variously coupled CA-MC modelling approaches. Based on the ANN-CA-MC model, the urban area in South Auckland is predicted to expand to 1340.55 ha in 2026 at the expense of non-urban areas, mostly grassland and open-bare land. Most of the future expansion will take place within the planned new urban growth zone. 相似文献
16.
Examining the sensitivity of spatial scale in cellular automata Markov chain simulation of land use change 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hao Wu Zhen Li Keith C. Clarke Wenzhong Shi Anqi Lin 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(5):1040-1061
Understanding the spatial scale sensitivity of cellular automata is crucial for improving the accuracy of land use change simulation. We propose a framework based on a response surface method to comprehensively explore spatial scale sensitivity of the cellular automata Markov chain (CA-Markov) model, and present a hybrid evaluation model for expressing simulation accuracy that merges the strengths of the Kappa coefficient and of Contagion index. Three Landsat-Thematic Mapper remote sensing images of Wuhan in 1987, 1996, and 2005 were used to extract land use information. The results demonstrate that the spatial scale sensitivity of the CA-Markov model resulting from individual components and their combinations are both worthy of attention. The utility of our proposed hybrid evaluation model and response surface method to investigate the sensitivity has proven to be more accurate than the single Kappa coefficient method and more efficient than traditional methods. The findings also show that the CA-Markov model is more sensitive to neighborhood size than to cell size or neighborhood type considering individual component effects. Particularly, the bilateral and trilateral interactions between neighborhood and cell size result in a more remarkable scale effect than that of a single cell size. 相似文献
17.
针对基于像素的HMRF-FCM算法抗噪性差以及对地物复杂边界分割精度低的问题,提出一种结合形状信息的静态MST区域划分和RHMRF-FCM算法的高分辨率遥感图像分割方法。该方法定义一种静态MST同质区域划分准则,借助MST能较好表达边界和形状信息、能较好抑制几何噪声的特点,解决地物复杂边界的表达和降低分割结果中几何噪声问题。首先,利用MST静态划分将图像域划分成若干个均质区域,假设每个均质区域内光谱测度服从独立同一的多元高斯分布。然后,在此基础上构建了区域隐马尔可夫随机场模型,以及建立基于信息熵和KL信息正则化项的模糊聚类目标函数。最后,采用偏微分方法对分割模型参数进行求解,从而得到全局最优分割结果。为验证本文方法,对WorldView-3高分遥感图像进行分割试验。定性、定量分析了尺度参数、光谱相似性参数和区域紧致度参数对最优分割结果的影响,并对比分析本文算法和eCognition软件中的多分辨率分割算法、分水岭算法。 相似文献
18.
Simulation of landscape spatial layout evolution in rural-urban fringe areas: a case study of Ganjingzi District 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In recent years, the rapid expansion of urban spaces has accelerated the mutual evolution of landscape types. Analyzing and simulating spatio-temporal dynamic features of urban landscape can help to reveal its driving mechanisms and facilitate reasonable planning of urban land resources. The purpose of this study was to design a hybrid cellular automata model to simulate dynamic change in urban landscapes. The model consists of four parts: a geospatial partition, a Markov chain (MC), a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN), and cellular automata (CA). This study employed multivariate land use data for the period 2000–2015 to conduct spatial clustering for the Ganjingzi District and to simulate landscape status evolution via a divisional composite cellular automaton model. During the period of 2000–2015, construction land and forest land areas in Ganjingzi District increased by 19.43% and 15.19%, respectively, whereas farmland, garden lands, and other land areas decreased by 43.42%, 52.14%, and 75.97%, respectively. Land use conversion potentials in different sub-regions show different characteristics in space. The overall land-change prediction accuracy for the subarea-composite model is 3% higher than that of the non-partitioned model, and misses are reduced by 3.1%. Therefore, by integrating geospatial zoning and the MLP-ANN hybrid method, the land type conversion rules of different zonings can be obtained, allowing for more effective simulations of future urban land use change. The hybrid cellular automata model developed here will provide a reference for urban planning and policy formulation. 相似文献
19.
20.
主要研究了非齐次马氏链的强极限定理.首先应用鞅差序列收敛定理给出了关于非齐次马氏链的任意k元函数一类平均值的极限定理.最后得到一系列相关状态序偶出现频率的推论. 相似文献