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21.
Unlike temperate and polythermal proglacial streams, the proglacial streams in Taylor Valley (TV), Antarctica, are derived primarily from glacier surface melt with no subglacial or groundwater additions. Solute responses to flow reflect only the interaction of glacial meltwater with the valley floor surrounding the stream channel. We have investigated the major, minor and trace element 24‐h variations of two proglacial melt streams, Andersen Creek and Canada Stream, originating from the Canada Glacier in TV, Antarctica. Both streams exhibited diel mid‐austral summer diurnal flow variation, with maximum flow being more than 50 times the minimum flow. Dissolved (< 0.4 µm) major, minor and trace solute behaviors through diel periods were strongly controlled by the availability of readily solubilized material on the valley floor and hyporheic‐biological exchanges. Anderson Creek had generally greater solute concentrations than Canada Stream because of its greater receipt of eolian sediment. Andersen Creek also acquired greater solute concentrations in the rising limb of the hydrograph than the falling limb because of dissolution of eolian material at the surface of the stream channel coupled with minimal hyporheic‐biological exchange. Conversely, Canada Stream had less available eolian sediment, but a greater hyporheic‐biological exchange, which preferentially removed trace and major solutes in the rising limb and released them in the falling limb. Given the dynamic nature of discharge, eolian, and hyporheic‐biological processes, solute loads in TV streams are difficult to predict. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The Early Cretaceous (∼135–131 Ma) Paraná-Etendeka continental flood basalts, preserved in bulk in the Paraná basin of southern Brazil and vicinity, have been divided into low-Ti and high-Ti types that govern the southern and northern halves of the basin, respectively. We have examined a new sample set from the southern margin of the northern high-Ti segment of Paraná basalts in Misiones, northeastern Argentina. These basalts are strongly to moderately enriched in TiO2 (2–4 wt.%), have relatively high Ti/Y (300–500), low MgO (3.5–6.5 wt.%), and high Fe (FeO(tot) 12–14 wt.%) and belong to the Pitanga and Paranapanema magma types of Peate et al. (1992). Nd and Sr isotope compositions are quite unvarying with εNd (at 133 Ma) values of −4.6 to −3.6 and initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7054–0.7059 and show no variation with fractionation. Compared to high-Ti lavas in the central and northern parts of the Paraná high-Ti basalt segment, the lavas from Misiones are similar to those in the northeastern magin of the basin but less radiogenic in initial Nd isotope composition than those in the central part. This variation probably reflects mixed EM1-EM2 source components in the sublithospheric mantle. A polybaric melt model of a sublithospheric mantle source at the garnet lherzolite-spinel lherzolite transition is compatible with the observed Ti budget of the Pitanga and Paranapanema lavas, regardless of the Nd isotope composition of their purported source. 相似文献
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The mineral composition of mudrocks is an essential attribute in controlling the reservoir quality of unconventional petroleum systems. The present study introduces a semi-quantitative method to estimate mineral phases of mudrocks in various Canadian unconventional hydrocarbon systems using total elemental analysis (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and Rock-Eval data (total organic carbon (TOC) and mineral carbon (MinC)).This method involves statistical analysis based on a sound knowledge of hydrocarbon source rock inorganic geochemistry. The workflow can be divided into four steps: (i) converting major elements (Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Ti, and P) to their oxides, (ii) inferring modes of occurrence of elements using statistical analysis of geochemical data (major elements, TOC, and MinC), (iii) identifying the mineral types (oxide, aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulfide, and phosphate) according to elemental occurrences and calculating mineral phase concentrations, and (iv) verifying the results by comparing to XRD data on selected samples. The results, especially for brittle minerals such as quartz, carbonates (e.g. calcite, dolomite, and ankerite), and pyrite, show that the estimated mineral compositions correspond closely and consistently with measured mineralogy obtained from XRD. This method takes advantage of bulk geochemical data already available for hydrocarbon potential and chemostratigraphic studies, without devoting additional samples and cost for XRD analysis. 相似文献
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运用密度泛函理论(DFT)在ωB97XD/gen (O、H元素Aug-cc-PVDZ; Rb元素Lanl2DZ)基组水平上研究了[Rb(H_2O)_n]~+(n=1~12)水合团簇的结构和光谱学性质。研究结果表明,通过分析气相和液相中的稳定能以及水合团簇可知,稳定构型出现在8配位的团簇中。第一配位层水分子数为8时形成Rb~+第一近似饱和水合层。此外,拉曼光谱显示[Rb(H_2O)_n]~+(n=1~12)水合团簇中O-H伸缩振动峰随着水分子数增加发生移动和加宽,Rb~+发生水合时,O-H对称和非对称伸缩振动发生红移,随着水合数的增多,频率蓝移。此外,文中对拉曼光谱中O-H振动的频率位置结合团簇结构进行了说明。 相似文献
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以广州市为例,基于城市感知数据、遥感影像等多源数据,采用卷积神经网络对遥感影像进行了语义提取,将提取结果与兴趣点(Points of Interest)样方密度的功能用地识别结果进行补充校验,根据政策和规划文件建立功能用地与主体功能区之间的关联,利用信息熵分析广州市功能用地混合程度,以辅助判别主体功能区,最终得到广州市主体功能区划分结果。将划分结果与《广州市主体功能区规划(2008—2020年)》和《广州市城市总体规划(2017—2035年)》草案对比验证,结果表明文章所提出的方法精准度较高,并能体现广州市空间格局形态,反映主体功能区实际分布情况。 相似文献
29.
本文首次报道用沉积物捕捉器(ST)研究南沙群岛珊瑚礁湖沉降颗粒物中主要元素垂直通量、垂直转移形态、再循环过程及垂直通量与表层海水温度的关系。结果显示,作为生物化学沉积标志的Ca、Mg具有最高的垂直通量,达1.4和0.1g/(m2·d)以上,作为生物富集标志的Br、Ⅰ也有较高的垂直转移量;垂直转移形态的研究表明Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr主要以碳酸盐结合态向海底转移,其中Ca、Mg、Sr占99%以上,Fe、I、Ba主要以铁锰氧化物结合态向海底输送,在垂直沉降颗粒物到达海底后,有相当部分的主要元素可再循环进入水体中,Br、I、K、Al的绝大部分进入再循环,Mg、Na、Cl有一半左右进入再循环,Ca、Sr、Ba、Fe大部分被埋葬;Na等9种元素的垂直转移量随SST呈指数降低响应,对SST的敏感性Fe>Br>Sr>Ca>Na>Cl>Mg>I>Al,这再一次验证了CaCO3随温度升高,其溶解度降低、化学沉积量增加这一自然界的普遍规律,表明在珊瑚礁海水的垂直沉降颗粒物中主要元素是作为珊瑚的重要成分与CaCO3一同被沉积下来的,CaCO3起到稀释剂的作用。 相似文献
30.
4 种重金属离子对中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)稚鳖的急性致毒效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以5日龄中华鳖稚鳖为实验动物,采用静水停食实验法,在水温(27.4±1.3)℃条件下,开展了Hg2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+对中华鳖稚鳖的急性毒性和加和等毒性强度联合毒性试验。结果表明,4种重金属离子对中华鳖稚鳖均呈现以蓄积为主导的急性毒发效应,Cr6+、Zn2+对中华鳖稚鳖的急性致毒高峰期明显滞后于Hg2+、Cu2+;4种重金属离子毒性大小依次为Hg2+、Cu2+、Cr6+、Zn2+,其对中华鳖稚鳖96h的半致死质量浓度分别为5.98、16.42、28.90和91.88mg/L;所构建的中华鳖稚鳖累积死亡概率与重金属质量浓度和实验时间之间的数学模型,以及半致死时间-质量浓度回归方程,可作为侦查和分析重金属离子排放时间和致中华鳖稚鳖大量死亡时间的重要计算工具;Hg2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+离子两两组合在加和等毒性强度下对中华鳖稚鳖96h联合急性毒性所呈现的致毒特征与离子种类及其毒性强度匹配情形密切相关。 相似文献