中国县域耕地与农业劳动力变化的时空耦合关系

利用1996 年、2000 年和2005 年中国县域耕地与农业劳动力数据,基于GIS 技术和模型方法,分析了县域耕地面积与农业劳动力变化态势及其时空耦合特征。研究表明：① 县域耕地面积和农业劳动力变化均呈先增后减态势。1996-2000 年,耕地总量、劳动力数量分别增长2.70%和1.40%;2000-2005 年,耕地总量、劳动力数量分别减少1.51%和8.18%。②“胡焕庸线”是刻画中国耕地和劳动力变化格局的重要分界线。沿此线带状区域内因退耕还林造成耕地快速减少,而农业劳动力转移滞后;其西北部区域耕地快速增加,农业劳动力也在增长;其东南部区域耕地明显减少,而农业劳动力减少速度更快,二者呈现协调态势。③ 耕地非农化进程中县域劳动力转移效率呈下降趋势。1996-2000 年和2000-2005 年,全国分别有447 个和505 个县域的耕地减少和劳动力转移呈良性变化,90%的县域劳耕弹性系数(LFEC) 的中位数分别为4.58 和2.97。④ 基于SOM自组织特征映射神经网络聚类方法,可将1996-2005 年中国县域耕地与劳动力变化的耦合特征划分为9大类型区。多情景模拟分析表明,2005-2015年的LFEC趋势值为2.55。     

长江、黄河大洪水前期地球系统演变的分析

通过分析江、淮、黄、海四大洪共１４个大洪水年的前期地震场特征,发现大洪水前在青藏高原东南地区、亚欧中纬地带和台湾以东洋面三处的有强地震发生,若强震出现在中印缅热点则对应着江淮大小;强震出现在川青甘地区则对应着黄海河大水。引发大水的直接原因是本地区地热涡的强烈发展,它因刚好位于数组”同向等距地热涡族”的相交点上,交相干共振的结果,文中详细分析了１９５４和１９８２年两个个例。最后分析了“中印缅热点”的     

中国南方东部震旦纪碎屑岩和泥质岩成岩作用

中国南方震旦纪碎屑岩的成岩作用主要有压实和压溶、胶结和固结、重结晶、交代作用及自生矿物形成等,泥质岩的成岩作用主要为压实作用和成岩过程中粘土矿物的转化。其成岩过程可分为同生、成岩、后生、表生四个成岩作用阶段。在沉积盆地演化的不同阶段和处在盆地的不同部位,出现了不同的岩石类型,往往呈现各自的成岩作用变化特点。     

我国热带亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母风化研究

综合应用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜及偏光显微镜等技术手段研究了我国热带、亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母的风化现象。结果表明，化学风化产物主要有黑云母／蛭石不规则间层矿物、水黑云母、蛭石、０．７ｎｍ埃洛石及铁的氢氧化物（氧化物）等。影响黑云母风化及次生产物形成的主要因素包括黑云母的晶体结构和化学成分、气候、风化壳母岩的矿物成分等。     

内蒙武川后石花金矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

后石花金矿是华北克拉通北缘一小型石英脉型金矿床。对矿体5件辉钼矿样品的ReOs同位素分析,获得了介于280.3±3.8~283.0±3.9Ma,加权平均为282.0±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.28)的同位素模式年龄,以及一个相关性很好的等时线年龄281.9±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.57),表明矿床形成于早二叠世,推测是海西晚期古亚洲洋俯冲体制下陆缘弧背景中构造-热液成矿事件产物。综合区域资料认为,华北北缘中段在海西晚期曾发生过重要成矿作用,但多在后期被剥蚀破坏。华北北缘中段大陆弧范围内,叠加在前寒武纪结晶基底韧性剪切带之上的脆性断裂构造带,以及华北北缘早古生代增生带内部,是形成海西晚期金、钼矿床的有利部位。     

对华南花岗岩研究的若干思考

论述了华南地质历史上四个时期花岗岩特点、成因模式与大地构造框架,从中折射出一些值得进一步思考的问题。晋宁期花岗岩是扬子周边环形岛孤型造山带的组成部分,加里东期、印支期和燕山期花岗岩的形成,分别与早古生代板内压扭性断裂熔融、早中生代板内伸展减压熔融和晚中生代活动陆缘伸展增生造山作用有关。华南四个地质时期的花岗岩的成因各异,模式不同,主导的地球动力学机制也不同。建立能解释多数地质事实的模式,是当前认知的需要。希望在不远的将来,沿着历史长河完整地描述19亿年以来的华南花岗岩地质演变与地壳演化,将华南地质的故事以三维图像形式演示于众。     

中建南盆地新生代层序地层特征

中建南盆地是在晚白垩世末南海中南部的一次张性构造运动──礼乐运动作用下开始形成的。盆地的发育经历了中、晚始新世之间的西卫运动造成区域抬升,使中建南盆地的下伏地层遭受变形、隆升和剥蚀;晚渐新世─中中新世的南海中央海盆扩张──南海运动;中中新世末期的万安运动和中新世末期南海整体沉降作用。共划分了6个层序组,8个层序,即A层序组(含A层序)、B层序组(含B层序)、C层序组(含C1层序和C2层序)、D层序组(含D层序)、E层序组(含E1层序和E2层序)和F层序组(含F层序)。     

山西五台群变质砂岩的物源和构造环境

华北克拉通中北部五台杂岩中出露一套变质砂岩,归属于上太古界五台群,其物质来源和构造环境分析对理解本区新太古代末期的地壳演化具有重要意义.该变质砂岩主要由石英、长石和粘土质胶结物组成,岩相学特征显示为杂砂岩,利用主量、微量元素判别的结果与岩相学观察一致.岩石地球化学分析结果显示,样品的SiO2含量变化较大(64.51％～...     

华南地块西南缘格林威尔期区域构造解析

从构造变形的角度入手,通过观察华南地块西南缘前震旦纪各岩石单元野外露头上的变形特征,运用构造解析方法,识别出不同期次变形构造的形态和位态特征及其在空间上的组合关系,划分变形构造的世代,结合近年来年代学研究成果,确定不同期次变形构造形成时代。研究表明,在华南地块西缘基底岩石单元中,发育格林威尔期的变形构造,其构造形迹东西向展布,该期构造变形的强度,在康滇地区各岩石单元中具有不均匀性,在野外露头上见到的格林威尔期小型紧闭、倒转褶皱主要分布在攀枝花周边的基底岩石单元中,而其南部的滇中地区,同期的褶皱构造相对较弱。根据格林威尔期构造位态特征,推断形成该期变形构造的构造运动方向为南北向的挤压运动。     

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.