沉管桩施工与检测中某些技术问题的探讨

在含有大量生活垃圾形成的复杂软弱层中，按常规方法施工沉管桩，将造成严重的缩径现象。震动沉管施工规范中又未有特殊规定，笔者根据一大型工程实例，分析了造成严重的缩径现象的原因，提出在上部杂填土是由大量生活垃圾组成并夹有软质粘土、淤泥层时，应优先选用预制桩工艺；对于振动沉管应采用复打或多次反插工艺，并跳打；应禁止单独采用慢速拨管工艺。     

Conceptualizing a multi-layered shingle aquifer model based on volcanic stratigraphy and water inflow to lava caves in Jeju Island,Korea

Volcanic aquifers supply a substantial portion of water resources in many parts of the world, including islands, and their productivity depends strongly on volcanic stratigraphy, which exhibits considerable heterogeneity. We investigated water inflow to lava tube caves formed from numerous basaltic lava flows in the northeastern coastal area of Jeju Island after storm events and monitored relative inflow rates monthly over 1 year to characterize groundwater flow processes in the upper parts of volcanic aquifers, and to evaluate the applicability of the previous hydrogeological models proposed for the island. Considerable water inflow arose shortly after storms from exposed palaeosol layers on the walls of the caves. The monthly monitoring results showed that wall inflow associated with these palaeosol layers is substantial. In both cases, discharge from ceiling drips was much less and more temporally variable compared to wall inflow discharge. Water flowing into the caves was rapidly drained through the floor at all monitoring sites. The lateral extent of the palaeosol layers was identified using drill core logs near the cave and outcrops in the coastal area. Based on these results, we inferred that multiple perched aquifers are formed by low-permeability palaeosol layers between lava flows, which are connected by vertical flows at discontinuities in the palaeosol layer, eventually reaching the basal aquifer. This study revealed the water inflow processes observed in lava tube caves constrained by palaeosol layers, and established a hydrogeological conceptual model incorporating multiple perched aquifers in both coastal and mountainous areas associated with extensive palaeosol layers formed during volcanic hiatuses. This finding would help elucidate recharge, groundwater flow, and contaminant transport processes in many volcanic aquifers that are not adequately represented by the previous models, and contribute to better management of groundwater in those areas.     

涡旋相互作用和拟序结构的形成

偶极子与台风涡旋的相互作用,可以激发出一种新的拟序结构.这种拟序结构的形成对台风涡旋移动具有重要影响.     

钢筋混凝土筒中筒结构拟动力试验研究与理论分析

制作了一个14层的钢筋混凝土筒中筒结构模型,模型比例为1∶10,等效为两自由度体系,进行了6种工况的地震动加速度峰值的拟动力试验,研究了筒中筒结构在地震作用下的动力特性、弹性和弹塑性阶段的地震反应、抗震性能和破坏机理。研究表明,该结构在7度罕遇地震作用下仍处于弹性状态,9度罕遇地震作用下,核心筒除与底板相交处开裂外无其它可见裂缝,而外框筒开裂严重,但结构仍具有较高的承载能力和侧向刚度。实测滞回曲线反映了筒中筒结构具有良好的延性和耗能性能。最后,采用改进了的非线性杆单元模型编写了程序,对筒中筒结构进行了非线性分析。结果表明,位移时程曲线计算值与试验值基本吻合。     

升膜蒸发海水淡化实验研究

本文利用水平微槽管管外液膜蒸发进行海水淡化。分别在27 kPa压力下对初始质量分数为3.5%的盐水在不同热流密度下进行升膜欠热蒸发实验和在常压下进行不同液位蒸发实验。分析热流密度对升膜管外温度分布、结晶率及淡化效率等参数的影响及液位高低对升膜蒸发能力的影响,基于实验得出:随着热流密度的增加,海水淡化产水能耗逐渐下降,并且水平微槽管的槽道宽度较小时升膜蒸发能力较高;液位在45°时产水能耗相对较低;水平微槽管管外自顶向下逐渐扩展的氯化钠结晶面积随热流密度的增加而减小。另外,此种蒸发方式对于管外结晶有很好的自洁效果。     

山西离石中心地震台水管仪与水平摆倾斜仪同震响应对比分析

对山西离石中心地震台水管仪与水平摆倾斜仪记录到的同一地震的地倾斜进行对比分析,探讨同震响应的基本特征。结果表明,两套仪器的地震延迟时间、同震响应持续时间与震级及震中距均成正比;水管仪的变形幅度与震级成正比,与震中距成反比;水平摆倾斜仪的变形幅度主要与震级有关,与震中距也有一定的关系。     

Are harmonic tremors self-excited thermoacoustic oscillations?

The thermoacoustic instability is proposed as a possible cause of volcanic harmonic tremors. Properties of this instability are discussed in relationship to conditions in active volcanoes, and directions of possible future research are outlined.     

钢管自应力混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

本文通过对水平反复荷载作用下4根钢管自应力混凝土柱和2根普通钢管混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究,分析了两种钢管混凝土的荷载-挠度(P-Δ)滞回曲线和骨架曲线特点,从而进一步阐述了轴压比、自应力大小和混凝土强度等因素对钢管混凝土抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明,影响柱抗震性能的最主要因素是轴压比和自应力。随着轴压比的增加,钢管自应力混凝土位移延性系数下降;而自应力的存在不仅提高了反复荷载作用下钢管混凝土的极限水平承载力,同时也使其延性系数得到显著的增加。     

广西北山岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙地下水流数值模拟初探

本文从水动力学角度分析各种岩溶含水介质中的水流特征,将其归纳为储水介质、导水介质和控水介质,并根据折算渗透系数ＫＬ的概念和建立耦合达西流和百达西流于一体的岩溶管道－裂隙－孔隙三重介质地下水模型,对广西环江北山矿区岩溶含水系统进行了初步探讨。北山实例的模拟结果表明,三重介质模型较全面地刻画了岩溶水动态的特征,反映了相对均匀裂隙流与控制性管道流并存、线性流与非线性流相互转变的运动特点,不仅理论上比较合