Code Development of Three-Dimensional General Relativistic Hydrodynamics with AMR (Adaptive-Mesh Refinement) and Results from Special and General Relativistic Hydrodynamics

In this paper, the general procedure to solve the general relativistic hydrodynamical (GRH) equations with adaptive-mesh refinement (AMR) is presented. In order to achieve, the GRH equations are written in the conservation form to exploit their hyperbolic character. The numerical solutions of GRH equations are obtained by high resolution shock Capturing schemes (HRSC), specifically designed to solve nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. These schemes depend on the characteristic information of the system. The Marquina fluxes with MUSCL left and right states are used to solve GRH equations. First, different test problems with uniform and AMR grids on the special relativistic hydrodynamics equations are carried out to verify the second-order convergence of the code in one, two and three dimensions. Results from uniform and AMR grid are compared. It is found that adaptive grid does a better job when the number of resolution is increased. Second, the GRH equations are tested using two different test problems which are Geodesic flow and Circular motion of particle In order to do this, the flux part of GRH equations is coupled with source part using Strang splitting. The coupling of the GRH equations is carried out in a treatment which gives second order accurate solutions in space and time. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高轴压比下圆钢管钢渣混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

通过2根圆钢管普通混凝土柱与5根圆钢管钢渣混凝土柱在高轴压比下的水平低周反复加载试验,研究圆钢管钢渣混凝土柱的轴压比、钢管壁厚、钢渣砂替代率和长细比对其破坏形态、滞回耗能能力、骨架曲线、延性及耗能、刚度退化的影响规律。研究结果表明:钢渣混凝土试件破坏过程和破坏形态与普通混凝土试件基本相同,主要表现为钢管底部鼓曲的压弯破坏;所有试件滞回曲线饱满,无明显“捏缩”现象;高轴压比试件存在明显承载力突降现象,合理的径厚比（钢管直径/钢管壁厚）对高轴压比试件承载力突降有明显改善作用;低轴压比试件延性系数大于4.0,高轴压比试件延性系数介于1.57～3.76之间,轴压比增大,试件延性下降;试件破坏时等效粘滞阻尼系数ξ_eq介于0.259～0.437之间;建议采用《钢管混凝土混合结构技术标准》（GB/T51446－2021）或《钢管混凝土结构技术规程》（DBJ/T13－51－2010）计算地震作用下钢管钢渣混凝土柱压弯承载力,但高轴压比钢管钢渣混凝土柱计算结果需乘以折减系数0.8。     

管索组合结构及其力学性能研究

为防止在巷道围岩中锚索发生剪切破断,进一步提高锚索的抗剪强度,自主研发的管索组合结构能更好地提高围岩的抗剪强度及稳定性,该结构主要由C型钢管和锚索组成。在详细介绍了管索组合结构支护结构的基础上,为了更好地研究管索组合结构的力学性能,利用自主研发的新型管索拉剪试验系统分别对不同类型、不同预应力、不同索径的管索组合结构及纯锚索进行了室内力学特性试验,分别从受力?剪切位移曲线特征、支护构件类型影响和支护结构破断模式等方面对比分析了试验结果。结果表明,管索组合结构在剪切过程中经历孔壁岩石自由变形、孔壁岩石压缩C型管、C型管握裹锚索共同变形3个阶段;管索组合结构的剪切破断形式表现为拉伸破断和拉剪复合破断,其峰值剪力与预紧力呈负相关,且与纯锚索相比,管索组合结构的剪切塑性铰的轴向距离较大,管索组合结构的最大剪力、最大轴力以及整体结构变形能力均得到提高,提升率分别达到26.8%、3.5%和7.0%以上。试验结果表明,采用管索组合结构可以有效提高结构面的整体抗剪能力。当围岩发生变形破坏时,锚索与C型钢管的组合结构不仅可以增加整个支护系统的抗剪强度,而且可以同时提高锚索的抗拔能力,从而实现锚索+C型钢管1+1＞2的支护效果,在巷道周围组成有效的围岩承载圈,实现巷道围岩的稳定。     

辽宁瓦房店地区50号金伯利岩管及其周边构造特征

辽宁瓦房店地区的3个金伯利岩带内的典型金伯利岩管产于NE向、NNE向与近EW向3组构造薄弱带中,并严格受其控制;3组构造交汇部位是今后找寻金伯利岩管的有利部位。构造期次对该区50号岩管具有明显控制作用:早期近EW向挤压破碎带为金伯利岩管的导矿构造;中期NE向断裂为控矿构造;晚期NNE向断裂、NW向断裂,对金伯利岩体起破坏作用。50号岩管及其周边金伯利岩体与构造盆地具有较明确的关联性;野外调查表明,50号岩管周边也曾发生过由E向W方向(或由SE向NW方向)的水平运动,且三维建模显示现在50号岩管不是岩体的根部,应在其东部或东南部寻找可能的剩余部分。     

地热井套管外水位测管系统的设计与试验应用

地热井水位的监测是地热开发与利用过程中的一项重要工作,尤其是为了加强资源管理,合理平衡利用地热资源,使得监测工作日趋常态化。目前水位测量的工作主要在地热井的套管内来实现,或直接下入测线、或以并列安装在泵管上的测管作为通道来完成测量工作,其中前者由于潜水泵的泵管和电缆易与测线发生缠绕,影响测量精度,后者由于系统不完善经常无法测量,无法达到监测测量工作的要求。针对这些问题研制了一套基于连通器原理的套管外水位测管系统,并通过在试验井的安装测试证明其可行性及实用性。介绍了该系统的工作原理、结构设计、安装测试过程,并对测试结果进行了分析和评价。     

Submarine debris flow impact on pipelines — Part II: Numerical analysis

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical analysis was employed to analyze the situations tested experimentally, as described in Part I. The methodology and results of the CFD analyses are discussed and compared with the observations made from the experiments. The numerical model performed satisfactorily with regard to obtaining the impact forces exerted on the model pipe as well as simulating the hydroplaning phenomenon and estimating slurry flow heights. The experimental results were combined with the results of the CFD analyses to develop a practical method to compute the drag force caused by a submarine debris flow impact on a pipeline. The CFD analyses provided some insight to the separated region characterization, but the attempt to analyze the vortex shedding phenomenon as observed in the experiments was unsuccessful. Additional studies are required for better understanding of both the separated region characteristics and vortex shedding.     

Hydrodynamic performance of solid and porous heave plates

Heave plates have been widely utilized in floating offshore structures as they can provide additional damping and added mass to improve the hydrodynamic response of the system. This study investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics (added mass and damping) of oscillatory solid or porous disks using model scale experiments. All experiments were conducted via forced oscillation model tests using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). The hydrodynamic coefficients of the solid or porous disk obtained from the force measurements are analysed and presented. The sensitivities of the damping and added mass coefficients to both motion amplitude and the disk porosity are examined.     

Structure and composition of the consolidated mud tube of Maldane sarsi (Polychaeta: Maldanidae)

Maldanid polychaetes can be important components of marine benthic communities, playing significant roles in particle subduction or sediment irrigation. Many maldanids are known to inhabit tubes consisting of sediments consolidated by mucus; the structure and composition of these tubes, and their potential impact on benthic environments, are poorly known. We examined the three-dimensional organization of Maldane sarsi tubes, using CT scanning together with analyses of sediment grain size and concentrations of Fe, Mn, organic carbon and bacteria in tube material. M. sarsi tubes consist of stacks of individual consolidated mud disks, surrounding a dense, continuous, inner tube. The tubes of M. sarsi contained fewer fine particles than surrounding sediments, and greater concentrations of Fe, Mn, organic carbon and bacteria, especially in the inner zone. These distributions suggest that tube irrigation affects Fe and Mn oxidation and precipitation in a narrow zone surrounding M. sarsi, and that mucous secretion and potential feeding activities (the hoeing of surface sediments) lead to increases in organic carbon and bacteria in the inner, and deepest parts of the tube. The finding of relict tubes, buried at up to 15 cm depth, indicates a relatively high longevity for these structures and suggests a potential importance in biogeochemical cycling.     

华北地区地电暴时GIC及涡旋电流响应分析

通过地电场台址近地表介质电阻率和地电场值计算大地电流,从大地电流场中分离出涡旋电流;根据平面波理论和水平导电层模型,使用地磁暴观测数据在频率域计算地磁感应电场(GIE),由GIE计算地磁暴感应电流(GIC).计算结果与实测值对比分析表明:GIE计算结果与实测地电暴具有很好的相位一致性;GIC涡旋中心相对地电暴涡旋中心存在向SE漂移约3°的现象;磁暴时地磁场Z分量的幅值分布图中极大值区域与涡旋中心重合,可能是GIC涡旋中心偏移的原因.另外,根据电磁感应原理提出的等效环电流模型,在一定程度上解释了涡旋大地电流的形成机制.本项工作可应用于地磁观测与地电观测的相互校正,同时有助于认识地电暴对大地电流分布的影响.     

考虑钢筋拉结作用的钢管混凝土节点抗连续倒塌机理分析

地震、火灾和撞击等极端情况可能会引起建筑结构发生局部或者大范围的坍塌破坏。现有关于建筑结构抗连续倒塌研究主要考虑楼板对梁整体刚度的贡献,并未考虑板内钢筋的连续拉结作用,可能保守的评估了楼板对整体结构的抗连续倒塌贡献。因此,选取圆截面钢管混凝土组合节点为研究对象,基于ABAQUS软件建立板内钢筋端部不约束和约束两种不同边界条件的数值模型,分析竖向中柱失效工况下节点的破坏机理,对比不同约束条件下钢管混凝土节点的抗连续倒塌承载力计算曲线,观察板内钢筋约束条件下对该类节点梁机制和悬链线机制承载力的影响。研究结果表明:考虑板内钢筋单向拉结作用时,组合节点倒塌破坏分为:梁机制阶段、转化阶段、悬链线机制阶段和破坏阶段;对比两种不同约束条件下所得抗力曲线发现,考虑板内钢筋拉结作用时,梁机制承载力提高了7%左右,悬链线阶段承载力变化并不明显。