Modal Wave Number Tomography for South China Sea Front

1 .IntroductionTheSouthChinaSealiestothesoutheastpartoftheChinesecontinent.TheKuroshioflowsbytheeastsideoftheLuzonStraitfromsouthtonorthinwinter ,spring ,andautumn .TheKuroshioaf fectsnearcurrentfieldsandtemperaturefields,changingtheoceanenvironmentparametersandsoundpropagation .Thus ,theoceanacoustictomographytechniqueisofpotentialtolong term ,largescalemonitoringoftheocean .Themodalwavenumbertomographymethod (Rajanetal.,1 987;Frisketal.,1 989)isusedtoobtainthesoundspeedprofileinwatercol…     

DGPS测深技术在海底管道工程中的应用

简要介绍了差分全球定位系统(DGPS)的基本定位原理、DGPS测深技术中水深测量系统的硬件组成。重点分析了福建LNG站线湄洲湾海底管道工程成功采用DGPS测深技术进行勘测作业,使测量精度和工程效率得到极大地提高。这一工程实践经验说明,DGPS测深技术逐步为海底管道工程所采用,但其是一个不断探索、不断完善的过程,对今后我国沿海地区的海底管道工程的勘测建设具有一定的借鉴作用。     

极端波浪条件下黏土质斜坡海床稳定性解析

海洋资源开发引起海底软黏土的结构性破坏,导致土体强度弱化,在百年一遇的极端波浪作用时极易发生斜坡海床的局部失稳甚至大范围海底滑坡,给海洋工程建设和正常运营带来严重影响。目前,主要采用极限平衡法评价这类海底斜坡,但该法只能给出近似解。基于极限分析上限方法,推导了极端波浪诱发的波压力对斜坡海床的做功功率,建立了外力功与内能耗散率平衡方程;利用最优化方法,结合数值积分和强度折减技术,求解了不同时刻的斜坡海床稳定性系数,并针对扰动后的斜坡海床开展了有限元解的对比验证。在此基础上,深入探讨了不同波浪参数(波长、波高和水深)和坡长小于一个波长等极端条件下的海底斜坡稳定性。     

多维联合概率理论对三峡工程设计洪水的计算

首次将多维联合概率理论应用到三峡大坝设计洪水的风险分析,并用随机模拟方法(ISPUD)对四维联合概率分布进行了求解,得出在长江上游干流及主要支流来水量出现的不同组合和最不利组合情况下,相应三峡大坝不同联合重现期的设计洪水。可用于三峡工程的风险分析及防洪调度。     

厦门文昌鱼人工繁育批量生产技术研究

2005年5月21日至7月6日从厦门市翔安区欧厝附近海域采集文昌鱼亲体6批共计550余尾，移入室内进行强化培育．7月16日和17日夜间，培育的亲体自然排放精卵并受精，共获得受精卵125万粒．受精卵孵化获得浮游幼体115万尾，孵化率达92．0％．孵化的幼体经25d较高密度人工培育，获得99．2万尾体长0．31～0．72cm的文昌鱼苗及未成苗浮游幼体；分苗疏养后，又经28d继续培育，存活的幼体几乎全部潜入沙层中，最终获得体长0．55～1．30cm的厦门文昌鱼潜沙苗23．2万尾，其53d育苗成活率达20．7％．这是国内外首次人工培育获得成批量的文昌鱼增养殖苗种．进而于2005年11月6日向厦门文昌鱼自然保护区实施了国内外首次的文昌鱼资源人工增殖放流．     

mKdV-sine-Gordon方程丰富的相互作用解

基于mKdV-sine-Gordon方程的Wronsk解的形式和结构,提出了Wronsk形式展开法,通过这一方法求得了该方程的丰富的相互作用解,该方法的主要特征是不要求Wronsk行列式元素满足线性偏微分方程组。     

Authigenic carbonates from the eastern Black Sea as an archive for shallow gas hydrate dynamics – Results from the combination of CT imaging with mineralogical and stable isotope analyses

Authigenic carbonates associated with cold seeps provide valuable archives of changes in the long-term seepage activity. To investigate the role of shallow-buried hydrates on the seepage strength and fluid composition we analysed methane-derived carbonate precipitates from a high-flux hydrocarbon seepage area (“Batumi seep area”) located on the south-eastern Black Sea slope in ca. 850 m. In a novel approach, we combined computerized X-ray tomography (CT) with mineralogical and isotope geochemical methods to get additional insights into the three-dimensional internal structure of the carbonate build-ups.     

Analysis of the spatial variation of heavy metals in the Guadiana Estuary sediments (SW Iberian Peninsula) based on GIS-mapping techniques

This work reveals the usefulness of the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) mapping techniques to show the distribution of pollutants along an estuarine environment, as the final stage of a thorough study. In the case of study, the environmental quality of the sediments in the Guadiana river estuary was determined by means of a complete geochemical characterization consisting on the calculation of enrichment factors for the most important metals and metalloids (compared with the local background of non-contaminated sediments). The obtained results were depicted in “enrichment distribution maps” which evidenced a distribution of the elements in two groups: Group-I, elements with natural origin (Al, Fe, Mn, Co, and Cr) distributed homogeneously along the basin, and Group-II, elements associated to anthropic origin (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) with clear punctual sources besides a high concentration all over the estuary. The enrichment factors for the elements of Group-II are indicative of the existence of a noticeable diffuse historical mining pollution associated with the acid mine drainage generated in the internal zones of the basin, which could overlap minor pollution inputs from other human activities. The obtained results lead us to a reconsideration of the traditionally thought “unpolluted” environment when it was compared to nearby estuaries.     

重力数据约束的二维地震层析成像在台湾海峡南部的应用

地震-重力联合反演可以降低多解性,针对大勘探范围内岩石波速-密度关系存在较大散布的问题,引入交叉梯度结构约束构建统一的目标函数是一种有效的解决方案。利用台湾海峡南部HX-13测线进行验证:由于火成岩侵入体的存在,部分区域难以拾取可靠的地震初至,常规的走时反演无法准确恢复基底面的形态。搜集研究区的船测重力资料,根据地震地质条件和数据特点设置合适的反演参数,实现基于物性和结构双重约束的重力-地震联合反演。由对反演结果的分析和解释可以看出,该方法可在很大程度上弥补地震数据不完备的缺陷,使反演过程稳定,并提高模型的可靠性。     

太行山南端浅层速度结构成像和隐伏断裂探测

利用太行山南端的深地震反射剖面数据,运用初至波层析成像方法反演得到该区域的浅层P波速度结构和基底面展布形态,发现剖面浅部的P波速度变化与沉积盖层厚度和断裂分布有着较好的对应关系。利用跨断裂完成的浅层地震反射剖面,对区域内2条第四纪隐伏活动断裂进行高分辨率成像。结果表明,汤西断裂为东倾的正断层,控制汤阴地堑的西边界,活动年代为中更新世;汤东断裂为西倾的正断层,是汤阴地堑的主控边界断裂,活动年代为晚更新世。