一种地方与区域地震震源机制反演技术：广义极性振幅技术（一）——原理与数值实验

基于数十年来已有的研究进展,提出了一种地方和区域地震震源机制反演技术——广义极性振幅技术（GPAT）,并通过一系列数值实验检验了这种技术的可行性和抗干扰能力.首先,从地震波场概念出发,利用P波初动极性与广义震相振幅构建矢量,建立反演系统,并给出求解技术;然后,考虑影响反演结果的各种因素,包括台站布局、台站数目、随机噪声、震中位置误差、震源深度误差和速度模型误差,分别进行了单一因素影响测试;最后,同时考虑各种因素进行了综合测试.实验结果表明,GPAT是可行的,具有良好的抗干扰能力.需要强调的是,在众多影响因素中,速度模型误差对反演结果的影响最大.     

Magnetic properties of a freshly fallen LL ordinary chondrite: the Bensour meteorite

A comprehensive rock magnetic, magnetic anisotropy and paleomagnetic study has been undertaken in the brecciated LL6 Bensour ordinary chondrite, a few months only after its fall on Earth. Microscopic observations and electronic microprobe analyses indicate the presence of Ni-rich taenite, tetrataenite and rare Co-rich kamacite. Tetrataenite is the main carrier of remanence. Magnetization and anisotropy measurements were performed on mutually oriented 125 mm³ sub-samples. A very strong coherent susceptibility and remanence anisotropy is evidenced and interpreted as due to the large impact responsible for the post-metamorphic compaction of this brecciated material and disruption of the parent body. We show that the acquisition of remanent magnetization postdates metamorphism on the parent body and predates the entering of the meteorite in Earth’s atmosphere. Three components of magnetization could be isolated. A soft coherent component is closely related to the anisotropy of the meteorite and is interpreted as a shock remanent magnetization acquired during the same large impact on the parent body. Two harder components show random directions at a few mm scale. This randomness is attributed either to the formation mechanism of tetrataenite or to post-metamorphic brecciation. All components are likely acquired in very low (≈μT) to null ambient magnetic field, as demonstrated by comparison with demagnetization behavior of isothermal remanent magnetization. Two other LL6 meteorites, Kilabo and St-Mesmin, have also been studied for comparison with Bensour.     

气象卫星资料在估测热带气旋强度方向的应用进展

在常规观测资料稀少的热带洋面上,气象卫星是监测热带气旋的主要工具.基于可见光和红外的Dvorak技术通过一系列经验规则,将热带气旋在卫星云图中表现出来的云系结构特征及特定的参数同其发展强度联系起来,但它无法得到气旋内部辐射信息.相对而言,波长较长的微波能穿透热带气旋中高层云系,反映出与热带气旋强度相关的暖核辐射信息.介绍了国内外利用Dvorak技术和星载微波技术估测热带气旋强度的研究进展,指出它们在应用中存在的优势和不足,同时展望了该领域在未来的发展方向.     

近地表隐伏断层地震波场响应特征与初至波成像应用研究

近地表隐伏断层直接影响工程安全施工。通过构建浅覆盖层下方陡立界面断层数值模型,分析近地表隐伏断层地震波场的传播与转换规律。通过工程实测数据验证了数值模拟波场响应特征的可靠性,并利用初至波走时层析成像技术对地下介质波速进行成像。研究结果表明：(1)初至波转换形成的断点绕射波具有1频率升高、速度突变的特点,可清晰指示测区内断裂带的存在,可作为现场数据采集时断层的直观反映;(2)工程实测中通过原始波形到时、频率信息可初步判断断层的存在,基于射线追踪的初至波层析成像结果与后期钻孔揭露情况基本吻合,说明初至波层析成像在浅层地震勘探中的实用性;(3)接收测线排列内布设震源的方式,两侧震源延拓距离短,无需额外为震源激发提供场地,在工程施工中具有经济、快速、高效的特点,可作为野外复杂地表条件地下浅层结构探测的有效观测系统使用。     

CVN硬盘系统和软件相关处理在e-VLBI试验中的应用

介绍了中国VLBI网（CVN）的e-VLBI技术研究进展．CVN包括上海佘山、乌鲁木齐南山2个固定观测站和云南昆明的流动站，以及上海天文台的2台站硬件相关处理机。2003年上海天文台自行研制了基于PC技术的VLBI数据记录、回放系统，命名为CVN硬盘系统，并成功将其安置于CVN观测站和处理机系统。硬件处理机经过改造后，已能处理来自硬盘和原有磁带系统的数据．从2003年至今，中国VLBI网采用该硬盘系统进行了多次VLBI观测和e-VLBI试验。在CVN硬盘系统基础上，软件相关处理技术的研究也得以开展。软件相关处理原型程序已经被用于台站条纹检测、卫星条纹搜索和数据处理中。该软件获得的计算结果被成功用于国内第一个3台站卫星VLBI的延迟和延迟率闭合试验，以及国内首次利用VLBI数据进行的卫星定轨试验。除此之外，该软件还用作硬件处理机的条纹引导器。为适应未来“嫦娥”月球探测工程，CVN将扩展成含有4个观测站和2个相关处理机（硬件、软件）的实时VLBI网。今后，e-VLBI将被应用于月球卫星导航以及测地和天体物理的VLBI观测。     

Validation through HVSR measurements of a method for the quick detection of site amplification effects from intensity data: an application to a seismic area in Northern Italy

An instrumental validation is attempted of an innovative approach devoted to the quick individuation, from macroseismic data, of site amplification phenomena able to significantly modify seismic hazard levels expected on the basis of average propagation effects only. According to this methodology, two evaluations of hazard are performed at each investigated locality: the former, obtained by epicentral intensity data ‘reduced’ at the site through a probabilistic attenuation function and, the latter, computed by integrating such data with seismic effects actually observed at the site during past earthquakes. The comparison, for each locality, between these two hazard estimates allow to orientate the identification of those sites where local amplifications of earthquake ground motion could be significant. In order to check such methodology, indications obtained in this way from macroseismic data are compared with the estimates of transfer functions performed through the HVSR technique applied to microtremors. Results concerning municipalities located in a seismic area of Northern Italy indicate a good agreement between macroseismic and instrumental estimates.     

Modelling linear wave transformation induced by dissipative structures—Random waves

The relevant theory is presented and numerical results are compared with the analytical solution for the interaction of non-breaking waves with an array of vertical porous circular cylinders on a horizontal bed. The extension to the cases of unidirectional and multidirectional waves is obtained by means of a transfer function. The influence of the mechanical properties of porous structures and wave irregularity on wave transformation is analysed. Results for unidirectional and multidirectional wave spectra are compared to those obtained for regular waves. The model presented reproduces well the analytical results and provides a tool for analysing several engineering problems.     

Wave Loads and Protective Techniques of An On-Shore Wave Power Device

In this paper, the extreme wave loads on an on-shore wave power device are investigated. First, boundary element method is applied to solve the three dimensional potential problem based on the small amplitude wave assumption. Then the motion of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) inside the device and its laods on the device are calculated in time domain. Several protective techniques often applied are simulated by changing the constraint of the upper end of the chamber of the device. Numerical results are used to judge the effectiveness of these techniques. The investigation shows that damping can not effectively restrain the motion of OWC when the period of incident wave is long, which may cause dangerous loads on the structure. The shut chamber can effectively restrain the motion of OWC, but alternatively cause high pressure in the chamber. A Contracting opening with a Taper (CT) can exhaust a great amount of kinetic energy of OWC, and significantly decrease the loads. It is a promising protective tec     

高真空击密法在软地基处理中的应用

姑合工程实践,介绍快速“高真空击密法”软地基处理方法的施工原理、施工工艺及质量控制等,并简单阐述“高真空击密法”在进行软地基处理中的优点。     

我国大黄鱼养殖产业发展研究

文章对我国大黄鱼养殖产量及分布、养殖模式、投入产出情况、收购价格变动和进出口情况进行分析,总结了几项产业中存在的问题,包括：养殖结构亟待调整、关键养殖技术欠缺、鱼苗成活率偏低、市场中存在逆向选择。在此基础上,提出积极调整养殖结构与养殖密度、提升合作社与试验站职能、加强养殖技术与鱼药研发力度、培育推广优质大黄鱼苗种、促进可追溯体系建设的产业发展建议。