Networking for Local Agenda 21 implementation: Learning from experiences with Udaltalde and Udalsarea in the Basque autonomous community

Local Agenda 21 (LA21) is widely regarded as a key tool for implementing sustainability policies since local authorities are closer to ordinary people and some local managers and politicians have the ability to adapt organisations to new managerial atmospheres and social demands. However, local governments tend to lack the right economic, human and knowledge resources. Consequently, in the search for local sustainable development, networking and collaborative approaches to LA21 can help local authorities save resources and share knowledge and best practices. Although both research and politicians have tended to focus on LA21, we believe Regional Agenda 21 (RA21) needs to be emphasised as a complementary tool. This paper examines successful innovative practices in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) over a 4-year period, with a view to shedding light on the theoretical literature and to aiding regional and local authorities. Although research on policy networks has produced useful results, we are still some way from a plausible, consensus-based theory of policy networks. Based on experience in the BAC, the present article offers an integrated approach to understanding the antecedents and consequences of a regional knowledge-driven network for LA21 promotion. Although LA21 implementation has been studied before, evidence about networking at regional level is scarce. Other regions in developing countries could use this approach to achieve successful policy networks.     

利用北斗/GNSS观测数据分析“21·7”河南极端暴雨过程

2021年7月,受台风“烟花”和“查帕卡”影响,河南省发生罕见的极端暴雨事件,造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失.极端暴雨的产生过程极为复杂,大气可降水含量(PWV)是产生降雨的主要因素之一.分析暴雨的发生过程与PWV之间的关系,对于暴雨发生的短时临近预报具有重要意义.本文利用河南省220个连续运行的北斗/GNSS站观测数据,采用精密单点定位(PPP)和克里金插值方法,获取了本次极端暴雨发生期间河南省高时空分辨率的PWV空间格网数据;同时结合省内116个气象站降雨量数据,分别从时间和空间上分析了PWV变化与极端降雨之间的关系.结果表明,通过PPP获取的北斗/GNSS站PWV与国际权威的全球气象再分析资料ERA5反演的测站结果互差均方根(RMS)为3.2 mm;进一步通过克里金插值获取的PWV空间格网数据与探空仪实测结果的互差RMS为4.6 mm,与ERA5反演的格网数据互差RMS为4.4 mm,表明本文的PWV数据精度符合气象学研究要求.通过分析北斗/GNSS站与并址气象站的PWV和小时降雨量的时间序列,发现暴雨期间并址站上空的PWV达到高数值水平,并且在极端降雨发生前1~3小时PWV多表现出陡增现象.通过分析PWV与小时降雨量的空间分布关系,发现本次极端暴雨中高数值PWV地区,其降雨强度也普遍较高,与实际受灾情况相符.     

Resource-based view of sustainability engagement

This research examines local sustainability planning processes under the label of Local Agenda 21 in Italy from a resource-based view. Two types of resources, municipal (or internal resources) and relational resources, are considered. Relational resources stem from (1) dyadic relationships with higher levels of government and (2) network relationships (municipality-higher level of government-municipality). A model is proposed in which the integration of these resources explains the engagement of municipal authorities with Local Agenda 21-type processes. The model is tested by considering the perceptions of 108 local senior officials and politicians who are in charge of Local Agenda 21 processes in Italy. The respondents account for 31% of the members of a formal Italian Local Agenda 21 network. The results show moderate to low engagement with Local Agenda 21 processes, which is explained by moderate to poor levels of relational resources. Our findings indicate that local authority engagement with Local Agenda 21-type processes requires a systemic perspective, where higher levels of government and municipalities integrate and combine their resources and create new purposefully led resources through regular and intense interactions.     

厦门港刘五店航道海域溢油扩散数值模拟

利用MIKE 21 HD模块建立了厦门湾二维水动力模型,经2008年最新实测资料,验证了模型的可靠性和适用性,模拟结果为厦门湾刘五店航道二维溢油模型的建立提供水动力基础数据.利用MIKE21 SA模块建立厦门湾刘五店航道二维溢油模型,应用"油粒子"模型模拟输移、风化和热量迁移等过程,对刘五店航道一期工程溢油泄露事故进行...     

基于Boussinesq波浪模型的港池波浪数值模拟与泊稳分析

基于Boussinesq方程的MIKE21-BW模型,建立等水深、双突堤式的波浪数值港池,采用不同的波浪入射方向和双突堤口门宽度,分别对波浪经双突堤后的绕射情况进行模拟.根据《港口与航道水文规范》中的计算参数和突堤绕射系数结果,对BW模型进行率定和验证,结果表明二者吻合度较好,可以较好地描述港池的泊稳状况.在此基础上,...     

河北冀21井数字化水位同震效应特征

选取2016年1月1日至2017年12月31日期间,大陆6级以上、全球7级以上地震的河北冀21井水位同震观测资料,研究该井水位同震效应的形态特征、记震能力。结果表明,水位对远场大震记录(较长波段的面波)比较灵敏,水位同震效应最大振幅总体上与地震强度成正比,与震中距关系不甚明显;并总结出井-含水层记录的波形频段范围,为观测资料异常分析提供基础信息。     

1960—2014年广东省干旱时空演变特征

利用1960—2014年广东省24个气象站点的逐日降水资料,采用下次降水平均等待时间（Average Waiting Time for Precipitation, AWTP）计算得到的相当干期（Equivalent Dry Period, EDP）指数分析了广东省1960—2014年的干旱时空特性,重点分析其自21世纪以来的干旱时空演变趋势。结果表明：EDP指数能够较好地适用于本研究区。从空间分布上看,广东省干旱大致呈现自西向东、自北向南逐渐加重的空间分布格局,东南部沿海地区干旱程度较粤北和粤西地区更为严重。1960—2014年广东省干旱有明显的年代际的变化特征,且干旱程度存在显著的逐年加重趋势。此外,广东省存在典型的季节性干旱,秋旱和冬旱频发,其次是春旱;各季的干旱中心位置有所不同。21世纪以来广东省干旱的发生频率、强度和影响面积都远超20世纪后半叶。具体而言,进入21世纪,珠三角东部东源站和粤西云浮市罗定站的EDP值明显增高,成为广东省新的干旱中心。从季节性干旱的角度分析,21世纪以来,秋季与冬季的旱情加剧最为严重并向全省蔓延,秋、冬季EDP值在21世纪初期相对20世纪后半叶的增幅都为23%。春旱则是逐年缓慢加重,夏旱在1960—2014年较少,但进入21世纪后广东省夏旱也呈现频发的态势。     

渤海湾潮致余流数值模拟研究

为了研究渤海湾潮致余流,运用Mike21模拟了渤海湾潮流场,揭示出潮波运动的规律,得到渤海湾的潮流场,在涨潮时最大流速为1.4m/s,落潮时最大流速为1.12m/s。根据欧拉余流的定义计算了潮致欧拉余流场,其最大流速为0.2m/s,中值为0.005m/s,在渤海湾北部区域和南部东营附近存在环状结构。在渤海湾不同位置释放自由粒子,通过粒子的运移路径发现渤海湾拉格朗日余流呈现双环结构。运用欧拉方法和拉格朗日方法分析渤海湾潮致余流场,阐明了渤海湾潮致余流的精细结构,可为渤海湾营养盐、沉积物或者污染物质的长期输送以及浮游生物、鱼卵等的迁移和分布规律等提供动力学基础。     

近岸海域水质模型研究现状及展望

为更好地了解和使用近岸海域水质模型,总结和比较了EFDC(environmentalfluiddynamics code)、WASP(waterqualityanalysissimulationprogram)和MIKE三种模型的概念、性能、优势和局限性,介绍了其在近岸海域的应用,强调了选用合适的模型和降低不确定性是减小模拟结果误差的重要保证,对近海水质模型进行了展望。分析表明, WASP和EFDC的扩展性和开发性较强, MIKE的选择性更大;虽然水质模型在近岸海域已有较多应用,但仍有较大的发展空间,可通过模型内部完善、新技术耦合以及应用范围拓宽等途径使近岸海域水质模型得到进一步发展。     

南黄海地震前江苏地磁Z21相关系数异常分析

通过对江苏地区７个地磁台多年地磁Ｚ２１资料相关分析,检出地磁Ｚ２１相关系数异常与该区东部南黄海两次ＭＳ≥５．０地震有较好的对应关系。地震前地磁相关系数异常,对今后监视中强地震的短临前兆具有重要意义