Optimal filters for the construction of the ensemble pulsar time

An algorithm of the ensemble pulsar time based on the optimal Wiener filtration method has been constructed. This algorithm allows the separation of the contributions to the post-fit pulsar timing residuals of the atomic clock and the pulsar itself. Filters were designed using the cross- and auto-covariance functions of the timing residuals. The method has been applied to the timing data of millisecond pulsars PSR B1855+09 and B1937+21 and allowed the filtering out of the atomic-scale component from the pulsar data. Direct comparison of the terrestrial time TT(BIPM06) and the ensemble pulsar time PT_ens revealed that the fractional instability of TT(BIPM06)−PT_ens is equal to  σ _z = (0.8 ± 1.9) × 10⁻¹⁵  . Based on the  σ _z   statistics of TT(BIPM06)−PT_ens, a new limit of the energy density of the gravitational wave background was calculated to be equal to  Ω_g h ²∼ 3 × 10⁻⁹  .     

Sensitivity analysis of thermal equilibrium parameters of MIKE 11 model: A case study of Wuxikou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province of China

Sensitivity analysis of thermal equilibrium parameters in the reservoir module of MIKE 11 model was conducted for the Wuxikou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province of China in order to apply the module to the environmental impact assessment to accurately predict water temperature of reservoirs.Results showed that radiation parameter A and evaporation-first parameter were much more sensitive than other parameters.The values of the radiation parameter A ranged from 0.10 to 0.34.The values of evaporation-first parameter varied from 0 to 10.The sensitivity of solar absorption parameters was less than that of evaporation parameter,of which light attenuation values ranged from 0.5 to 0.7,and this parameter would not impact model results if it was more than 2.Constants in Beer’s law ranged from 0.2 to 0.7.Radiation parameter B was not more sensitive than evaporation parameter and its reasonable range was higher than 0.48.The fitting curves showed consistent changing tendency for these parameters within the reasonable ranges.Additionally,all the thermal equilibrium parameters had much more important effects on surface water temperature than deep water temperature.Moreover,if no observed data could be obtained,the local empirical value would be used to input to the MIKE 11 model to simulate the changes in the discharged outflow-water temperature qualitatively.     

登封煤田白坪井田层滑构造研究

分析了登封煤田白坪井田二1煤层附近的层间滑动构造类型,探讨了其发育规律及对二1煤层的影响.此类见煤异常点的确认在资源量计算中具有重要的实际意义.     

山东威海滨海新城北部海域潮流数值模拟研究

山东省威海市滨海新城作为威海市的新行政中心,是威海市着力打造的宜居、宜业、宜游、宜学的现代化卓越新城。本文采用MIKE21FM平面二维数值模型研究威海市滨海新城北部海域的潮流场运动,并以分层流速流向实测资料对模型进行验证。结果表明,研究区潮流场流速和流向数值模拟结果与实测资料变化基本一致。     

ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY—IN MEMORY OF THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE CHINESE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY

On the basis of the development of society,economy,sciences and technologies in the 21st centu-ry,a possible new leap is analysed and outlined in the systems and concepts of the atmospheric sound-ing,prediction,services and modification.It is indicated that the atmospheric sciences should be aclosely integrated component and actively play the leading role in the global system sciences.     

面向21世纪的我国区域经济地理学科理论体系建设

通过分析影响我国区域经济地理学理论发展的因素,探讨了区域经济地理学科的研究对象,理论主线,主要分支理论以及学科理论框架等理论建设问题。文章提出劳动地域分工理论和经济地域运动理论同为学科理论基础;阐述了经济地域条件与要素的区别与联系;强调经济地域结构－功能研究与经济地域类型分析评价;在已有经济地域系统类型基础上提出地缘经济地域系统。在学科建设的原则中强调学科间交叉渗透与自主发展并重,指出本学科与区域     

Terminus recession,proglacial lake expansion and 21st century calving retreat of Tasman Glacier,New Zealand

The Tasman Glacier is the largest glacier in New Zealand. Although 20th century warming caused down-wastage, it remained at its Little Ice Age terminus until the late 20th century. Since then, rapid calving retreat (U_r) has occurred, allowing a large (5.96 × 10⁶ m²) proglacial lake to form (maximum depth ∼240 m). From sequential satellite image analysis and echo sounding of Tasman Lake, we document (U_r) from 2000 to 2008. U_r varies temporally, with mean U_r of 54 m/a from 2000 to 2006 and a mean U_r of 144 m/a from 2007 to 2008. Consistent with global data sets, calving rate appears closely associated with lake depth at the calving terminus.     

塔里木河中上游土地利用变化的径流响应

为了定量分析塔里木河中上游土地利用变化对径流的影响程度,基于塔里木河流域1980-2015年土地利用数据及相关水文系列资料,利用MIKE SHE分布式水文模型客观模拟评价了流域中上游土地利用变化下的水文响应过程。结果表明：MIKE SHE模型可以较好的模拟塔里木河流域中上游的日流量过程,在研究区具有良好的适用性;1980-2015年间流域土地利用变化导致流域地表日径流量减少了4.2 m³·s^-1。通过仿真模拟分析草地、林地、耕地三种土地利用情景,得到日均流量分别为147.56 m³·s^-1、141.80 m³·s^-1,144.72 m³·s^-1由此可见,该流域径流对不同土地利用类型的响应差异较大,产流量的总体趋势为草地>耕地>林地。研究成果对于流域土地利用格局的合理规划及极端水文事件的控制具有重要意义。     

贫困山区如何面向21世纪--渝鄂湘黔接壤区战略思考

我国贫困山区在脱贫上取得了巨大成就,但面向２１世纪的持续发展,需接受下列的挑战;计划经济向市场经济过渡的新态势,持续发展战略的新要求,全国市场形势的新变化,山区本身发展的新高度。因此,贫困山区发展战备的制定要有新的思维,不以建立完整的产业体系为目标,市场配置资源代替资源配置市场,挑战买方市场,创立名牌;大力发展商贸流通业。在产业发展上,农业的方向是实现产业化;工业发展应以特色和效益为出发点,提高第