厦门港刘五店航道海域溢油扩散数值模拟

利用MIKE 21 HD模块建立了厦门湾二维水动力模型,经2008年最新实测资料,验证了模型的可靠性和适用性,模拟结果为厦门湾刘五店航道二维溢油模型的建立提供水动力基础数据.利用MIKE21 SA模块建立厦门湾刘五店航道二维溢油模型,应用"油粒子"模型模拟输移、风化和热量迁移等过程,对刘五店航道一期工程溢油泄露事故进行...     

基于Boussinesq波浪模型的港池波浪数值模拟与泊稳分析

基于Boussinesq方程的MIKE21-BW模型,建立等水深、双突堤式的波浪数值港池,采用不同的波浪入射方向和双突堤口门宽度,分别对波浪经双突堤后的绕射情况进行模拟.根据《港口与航道水文规范》中的计算参数和突堤绕射系数结果,对BW模型进行率定和验证,结果表明二者吻合度较好,可以较好地描述港池的泊稳状况.在此基础上,...     

近岸海域水质模型研究现状及展望

为更好地了解和使用近岸海域水质模型,总结和比较了EFDC(environmentalfluiddynamics code)、WASP(waterqualityanalysissimulationprogram)和MIKE三种模型的概念、性能、优势和局限性,介绍了其在近岸海域的应用,强调了选用合适的模型和降低不确定性是减小模拟结果误差的重要保证,对近海水质模型进行了展望。分析表明, WASP和EFDC的扩展性和开发性较强, MIKE的选择性更大;虽然水质模型在近岸海域已有较多应用,但仍有较大的发展空间,可通过模型内部完善、新技术耦合以及应用范围拓宽等途径使近岸海域水质模型得到进一步发展。     

Shoreline spatial and temporal response to natural and human effects in Boujagh National Park,Iran

Shoreline variation and river deltas are among the most dynamic systems in marine environments. The related different variations in spatial and temporal scales play significant roles in land planning and different management applications. Modeling the dynamics of seashore of Boujagh National Park (BNP) which is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in the Sefidrud Delta (SD), considering natural and anthropogenic factors, was the main objective of the current study. To achieve this goal, a combination of remote sensing data, historical data, and numerical simulations was utilized. The BNP covers an area of 3,270 ha and includes two international wetlands, Boujagh and Kiashahr. In earlier periods, this area faced severe morphological changes whereas recently its shoreline has experienced gradual variations. Accordingly, at the first stage, the shoreline variation from 2006 to 2017 was extracted by processing and classifying Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thematic Mapper (TM) images from Landsat satellites using the Maximum Likelihood approach. In the second stage, the two dimensional MIKE21 model was utilized to identify wave and coastal current patterns and parameters for the year 2015. Morphologically, the results showed that, the shoreline of the BNP is affected by several natural and anthropogenic factors. Seaward advancement of the shoreline occurred in zones A (east zone) and C (west zone) due to Caspian Sea Level drop and sedimentation while retreating occurred at Zone B (north zone) influenced by wave and current patterns and reduction of the Sefidrud River flows. Also, the results imply that maintaining the existing conditions results in the disappearance of a considerable part of the ecological area in the BNP. Hence, to manage and preserve the coastline of the BNP complying with the current anthropogenic and natural factors, it is vital to take necessary management measures.     

基于MIKE 11的北京市典型区域降雨径流特征研究

以北京城市化发展区凉水河大红门闸控制流域为典型区域,在分析区域20世纪80年代到2000年后下垫面变化特征的基础上,结合区域同时期的降水和径流资料,采用MIKE11软件中的UR-BAN模块构建流域降雨径流模型,以流域模拟流量和实测流量拟合效果最佳为原则,利于多场次的实测降水进行降雨径流的模拟分析,研究区域城市化发展对水文特性变化的影响。     

Assessing the impacts of land use changes on watershed hydrology using MIKE SHE

A fully distributed, physically-based hydrologic modeling system, MIKE SHE, was used in this study to investigate whole-watershed hydrologic response to land use changes within the Gyeongancheon watershed in Korea. A grid of 200 × 200 m was established to represent spatial variations in geology, soil, and land use. Initial model performance was evaluated by comparing observed and simulated streamflow from 1988 to 1991. Results indicated that the calibrated MIKE SHE model was able to predict streamflow well during the calibration and validation periods. Proportional changes in five classes of land use within the watershed were derived from multi-temporal Landsat TM imageries taken in 1980, 1990 and 2000. These imageries revealed that the watershed experienced conversion of approximately 10% non-urban area to urban area between 1980 and 2000. The calibrated MIKE SHE model was then programmed to repeatedly analyze an artificial dataset under the various land use proportions identified in the Landsat TM imageries. The analysis was made to quantitatively assess the impact of land use changes (predominantly urbanization) on watershed hydrology. There were increases in total runoff (5.5%) and overland flow (24.8%) as a response to the land use change.     

Modelling hydrological connectivity of tropical floodplain wetlands via a combined natural and artificial stream network

The ecological condition and biodiversity values of floodplain wetlands are highly dependent on the hydrological connectivity of wetlands to adjacent rivers. This paper describes a method for quantifying connectivity between floodplain wetlands and the main rivers in a wet tropical catchment of northern Australia. We used a one‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate time‐varying water depths across the stream network (i.e. rivers, streams and man‐made drains). The timing and duration of connectivity of seven wetlands (four natural and three artificial) with the two main rivers in the catchment were then calculated for different hydrological conditions. Location and areal extent of the wetlands and the stream network were identified using high‐resolution laser altimetry, and these data formed key inputs to the hydrodynamic model. The model was calibrated using measured water depths and discharges across the floodplain. An algorithm was developed to identify contiguous water bodies at daily time steps, and this gave the temporal history of connection and disconnection between wetlands and the rivers. Simulation results show that connectivity of individual wetlands to both rivers varies from 26 to 365 days during an average hydrological condition. Location, especially proximity to a main river, and wetland type (natural stream or artificial drain) were identified as key factors influencing these levels of connectivity. Some natural wetlands maintain connection with the river for most or all of the year, whereas the connectivity of some artificial wetlands varies from 26 to 36 days according to their patterns of network connection to adjacent rivers – a result that has important implications for the accessibility of these types of wetland to aquatic biota. Using readily available river gauge data, we also show how connectivity modelling can be used to identify periods when connectivity has fallen below critical thresholds for fish movement. These connectivity patterns within the floodplain network are central to the setting of river flows that will meet environmental requirements for biota that use floodplain wetlands during their life history. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A tidal creek water budget: Estimation of groundwater discharge and overland flow using hydrologic modeling in the Southern Everglades

Taylor Slough is one of the natural freshwater contributors to Florida Bay through a network of microtidal creeks crossing the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER). The EMER ecological function is critical since it mediates freshwater and nutrient inputs and controls the water quality in Eastern Florida Bay. Furthermore, this region is vulnerable to changing hydrodynamics and nutrient loadings as a result of upstream freshwater management practices proposed by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program (CERP), currently the largest wetland restoration project in the USA. Despite the hydrological importance of Taylor Slough in the water budget of Florida Bay, there are no fine scale (∼1 km²) hydrodynamic models of this system that can be utilized as a tool to evaluate potential changes in water flow, salinity, and water quality. Taylor River is one of the major creeks draining Taylor Slough freshwater into Florida Bay. We performed a water budget analysis for the Taylor River area, based on long-term hydrologic data (1999–2007) and supplemented by hydrodynamic modeling using a MIKE FLOOD (DHI, http://dhigroup.com/) model to evaluate groundwater and overland water discharges. The seasonal hydrologic characteristics are very distinctive (average Taylor River wet vs. dry season outflow was 6 to 1 during 1999–2006) with a pronounced interannual variability of flow. The water budget shows a net dominance of through flow in the tidal mixing zone, while local precipitation and evapotranspiration play only a secondary role, at least in the wet season. During the dry season, the tidal flood reaches the upstream boundary of the study area during approximately 80 days per year on average. The groundwater field measurements indicate a mostly upwards-oriented leakage, which possibly equals the evapotranspiration term. The model results suggest a high importance of groundwater contribution to the water salinity in the EMER. The model performance is satisfactory during the dry season where surface flow in the area is confined to the Taylor River channel. The model also provided guidance on the importance of capturing the overland flow component, which enters the area as sheet flow during the rainy season. Overall, the modeling approach is suitable to reach better understanding of the water budget in the mangrove region. However, more detailed field data is needed to ascertain model predictions by further calibrating overland flow parameters.     

基于图论法对城市水系连通性表征及优化

基于景观生态学中“点–边”数量关系建立水系环度（α）、节点连接率（β）和网络连通度（γ）3种水系连通性评价指标,绘制出南昌市水系“节点–廊道”有向图,并以城市湖水体引流化污为切入点来优化城市水系连通性。研究表明：① 南昌市城区水系存在廊道空间分布不均匀,湖节点与其他水系节点连接的廊道较少等问题;② 优化后的城区水系相较于现在水系,其中水系环度（α）提高75%,节点连接率（β）提高14.88%,网络连接度（γ）提高14.63%。在城市水系连通性优化中,不应过分追求连通性而盲目增加湖泊廊道,应在连通性与湖泊连接的廊道数量之间保持一个平衡关系,以免水体污染物在湖泊中淤积。     

三峡蓄水后库区洪水波传播规律初步分析

三峡水库蓄水后,原天然河道变成水库回水区,库区内洪水传播特性发生显著变化,且不同库段内洪水传播特性随库水位及上游来水条件而改变。针对三峡蓄水后库区水力条件变化,基于MIKE11模型模拟计算不同库水位及来水条件下洪水波在库区传播时间,以及影响洪水波传播的水流速度,运动波、动力波传播速度等因子,通过对计算结果验证与分析,初步揭示了三峡库区内不同库段在各种来水条件下的洪水波特性以及变化规律。