GPS与MEMS-IMU组合导航技术发展现状

介绍了硅微惯性测量单元（MEMS--IMU）的发展和应用情况,针对目前低成本、小型化的应用要求,分析了GPS和MEMS--IMU各自的优缺点和进行组合导航的可行性。提出了GPS与MEMS--IMU的组合模式,并介绍了组合导航计算机的工作原理和组合导航系统所涉及的关键技术。     

对地强耦合拖曳式检波系统的研制

因城市地下浅层空间探测要求在硬化路面上进行无损检测,而传统的采集方法是采用石膏或其它粘合剂固定检波器进行数据采集,施工效率较低,为此开发研制了一种对地强耦合拖曳式检波系统。该系统通过信号线缆和装配在耦合底盘上的检波装置形成单条或多条24道的拖曳式检波串,从而实现二、三维数据采集。通过拖拽式检波系统和粘接式检波系统在相同激发条件下数据对比,其在波形能量、频谱、功率谱、相位谱及叠加效果等方面具有较高的一致性,且拖拽式检波系统无明显的共振现象。试验证明该系统对地耦合性能良好,施工效率高,适用于城市浅层地震勘探。     

陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及应用效果分析(英文)

地震检波器的性能是高分辨率地震数据采集中的一个重要因素,对资料的品质影响很大。为此,作者在不同类型地区对目前在高分辨率地震勘探中常用的动圈式检波器、涡流检波器和数字检波器的性能进行了对比试验。通过野外工作的实际,总结了动圈式检波器、涡流检波器和数字检波器在不同表层地质条件地区的应用效果,提出了适合该类地区高分辨率地震检波器的性能指标,指出合理选择检波器类型和检波器的联接方式,能提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率。     

GPS/MEMS INS integrated system for navigation in urban areas

This paper evaluates the performance of a tightly coupled GPS/INS integrated system based on low cost MEMS IMUs in dense urban areas, and investigates two different methods to improve its performance. The first method used is to derive observations from two different constraint equations reflecting the behavior of a typical land vehicle. The first constraint equation is derived assuming that the vehicle does not slip and always remains in contact with the ground. If these assumptions are true the velocity of the vehicle in the plane perpendicular to the forward direction should be zero. The second constraint equation is derived from the fact that the height does not change much in a short time interval in a land vehicular environment. Thus, when a GPS outage occurs (partial/complete), the integrated system combines the INS and constraints-derived virtual measurements to keep the position and velocity errors bounded. This method is suitable for use in real-time applications. The second method is specifically suitable for a post-mission application and involves the use of Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother. The designed system performance is evaluated using two data sets collected in dense urban areas. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of different algorithms considered, in controlling the INS error growth, and indicates the potential of MEMS IMUs for use in land vehicle navigation applications.     

MEMS型加速度传感器在超高层建筑振动监测中的性能对比测试

为开展MEMS型加速度传感器在超高层建筑振动监测应用中的性能对比测试,选取4种不同类型MEMS型加速度传感器与G1B型力平衡式加速度传感器,将其安装在地王大厦相同测点,对MEMS型、G1B型加速度传感器记录的结构环境振动数据进行时程、频谱和模态频率对比分析,并对其记录的结构地震响应进行时域及频域对比。研究结果表明,不同类型MEMS型加速度传感器仪器噪声均大于G1B型加速度传感器,其中MEMS-I型加速度传感器噪声水平相对较小,与G1B型加速度传感器模态频率识别结果及地震响应监测数据吻合较好,验证了MEMS-I型加速度传感器可较准确地记录到结构强振动响应,适用于超高层建筑日常结构振动监测。