深层地震勘探方法的初步研究

本项研究涉及深层地震工作中的资料采集、处理和解释诸方面。本文叙述利用环炮试验方法研究深反射层反射能力,与反射系数平面分布一起,会改善资料采集的传统设计方法。还对常用的检波器线性组合公式进行了修正,并由此得出一种在实际中重要的组合方式的特性公式。震源检波器联合组合是组合理论研究的重要课题,通常利用频率、方向特性研究组合效果;本文在平面波条件下建立了源检联合组合的特性公式,从最大接收路径差与地层倾角、组合内距以及接收距的关系出发,讨论了由于源检组合而形成的非同相性迭加问题,并且详细说明了不同因数的变化引起变化的规律,定量地表明了源检联合组合的迭加效应。     

拾震器自动标定器的原理及使用

本文分析了拾震器人工触发标定方法的不足之处,提出自动标定器的方法并叙述了其工作原理。     

辽河探区精细三维地震采集技术与应用

在详细分析辽河探区以往的地震资料品质和地震采集方法基础上,结合辽河盆地特殊的地震地质条件,通过理论分析、野外试验和实际资料采集,深入探讨了精细三维地震采集中几项实用技术,如优化观测系统及其参数、最佳激发参数优选和精选检波组合。这些技术的成功应用,极大地提高了地震资料的品质,满足了精细地震勘探阶段地质目标对地震采集资料的要求。     

几种光网络交换技术的比较

全光网(AON，all—optical network)能在光域上实现高速信息流的传输、交换、路由和故障恢复等功能。实现全光网络的关键技术之一是用光交换代替电交换。光交换技术是真正实现全光网关键性功能的必要前提．也是目前国内外光通讯器件厂商研究和开发的热点。这里结合全光网的发展，介绍了一些常用光交换技术的基本原理、性能指标，并对这些常用技术进行了比较，最后对光交换的发展前景做了展望。     

基于智能手机的室内定位技术的发展现状和挑战

室内定位是未来人工智能的核心技术之一,对即将到来的人工智能时代起着举足轻重的作用。开发有效的室内定位新技术是工业界和学术界的研究热点,如谷歌研发的室内视觉定位服务技术、苹果致力推动的基于低功耗蓝牙的iBeacon室内定位技术以及百度携手芬兰IndoorAtlas公司推出的基于磁场匹配的室内定位方案等。然而,受室内复杂环境以及空间布局、拓扑易变等影响,实现准确、可靠、实时的室内定位,满足各类定位需求仍有很大的挑战性。目前,随着智能手机的普及和微机电系统技术的发展,智能手机内置多种传感器和支持丰富的射频信号,可提供不同的定位源。本文从智能手机的内置传感器和射频信号两个方面,综述了现有基于智能手机的室内定位技术,指出各种定位技术的优缺点和应用场景,分析室内定位的发展现状和存在难点,对室内定位技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

海底电缆陆检噪音衰减方法及其在乌石地区的应用

海底电缆采集方式不同于传统的海洋托缆地震资料采集,检波器放在海底进行地震信号接收,一般是多分量检波器。检波器由于和海底的耦合性不好,一般信噪比较低,接收到的有效信号很弱,而地滚波和转换横波等噪音能量很强;其中转换横波对信号的干扰较大,也较难衰减。通过对乌石工区海底电缆资料进行统计分析,发现数据在共检波点域转换横波噪音相干性较好,于是在共检波点域使用τ-p变换方法将转换横波从数据中分离出来,分离转换横波后的陆检分量数据信噪比获得了极大的提高。     

Research on the Application of MEMS Sensors to Slope Monitoring Treated by Bolts

The landslide can destroy all kinds of constructions, and seriously hinder people's production and life as well as the development of national economy. Bolt is one of the main methods for slope treatment, but it is difficult to monitor its construction quality and anchoring effect directly. With the rise and development of MEMS (Micro-electro mechanical system) technology, MEMS sensors, with the advantages of small size, low cost and high precision, quickly come out from the conventional monitoring methods and provide new possibilities for the monitoring field in geological engineering. In this paper, based on MEMS sensors, a model test was designed to explore the stability of the slope after treatment by bolts. Natural river sands were used to prepare slopes with angle of 45° through the air-plluviation method. In addition, the tests were divided into two groups (with or without bolts). MEMS sensors were set up in the slope to wirelessly and continually capture the acceleration, angular velocity and angle of slope sliding triggered by simulated rainfall in real-time. It was found that: with no treatment, the acceleration and angle in the interior and the bottom of the slope gradually changed during rainfall, while those parameters in the rear and the surface of the slope had no significant change, which indicated that the slope creep mainly occurred in the interior and the bottom of the slope before failure. When landslides occurred, the movement monitoring indexes in the interior and the bottom of the slope suddenly changed, followed by those in the rear and the surface of the slope, which means that when the sandy slope slides, the interior and the bottom of the slope slides first, and then the rear and the surface of the slope surface fail. This is a typical retrogressive landslide. After the slope was treated by bolts, only creep could be observed during long-term rainfall, and the acceleration and angle in the bottom, interior and surface of the slope gradually changed, while almost no change was found in the rear of the slope, which shows that under rainfall conditions, overall creep occurs for the slope after reinforcement, the slope angle decreases, and there is no landside. The experimental results prove that MEMS sensors can realize low-cost, high-precision, continuous real-time monitoring of slope, and can capture gradual changes of movements before failure and the sudden change when landslide occurs. It should play a certain role in the study of landslide mechanism and landslide warning, and has a broad application in the field of geological engineering monitoring.     

相位匹配技术及其在压制OBN地震鸣震中的应用

通过对比海底节点(OBN)地震水检数据(P)和陆检数据(Z)的相位差,将相似系数准则改进并引入到OBN水陆检数据相位匹配中,从而消除两种检波器数据的相位差异;在频率匹配的基础上,用匹配滤波方法对陆检数据进行振幅匹配,之后进行双检数据PZ合并以压制海底鸣震。经理论模型测试和实际资料处理,表明改进的相似系数法可以快速、准确地校正陆检数据的相位差,PZ合并压制鸣震取得了较好的效果。     

速度、加速度检波器及其获取信息的研究(英文)

本文从两种类型的地震检波器(10hz动圈式速度检波器和压电加速度检波器)及其检测介质的两种运动动参数(速度和加速度)入手,测试和对比分析了它们的频率响应函数,指出了二者的差异。又对两种检波器进行了冲击振动试验和结果对比,分析了其响应信号的特征和携带信息的能力。并于某地区在可比条件下进行了地震数据采集对比试验,对用两种检波器采集得到的单炮资料和叠加时间剖面进行了对比分析。结果表明,加速度信号更能满足当前和今后地震勘探对地震信号的高信噪比、高精度、高分辨率和大信息量的要求。