Hydrodynamics of photoionized columns in the Eagle Nebula, M 16

We present hydrodynamical simulations of the formation, structure and evolution of photoionized columns, with parameters based on those observed in the Eagle Nebula. On the basis of these simulations we argue that there is no unequivocal evidence that the dense neutral clumps at heads of the columns were cores in the pre-existing molecular cloud. In our simulations, a variety of initial conditions leads to the formation and maintenance of near-equilibrium columns. Therefore, it is likely that narrow columns will often occur in regions with large-scale inhomogeneities, but that observations of such columns can tell us little about the processes by which they formed. The manner in which the columns in our simulations develop suggests that their evolution may result in extended sequences of radiation-induced star formation.     

On the mass of M31

Recent work by several groups has established the properties of the dwarf satellites to M31. We reexamine the reported kinematics of this group employing a fresh technique we have developed previously. By calculating the distribution of a χ statistic (which we define in the paper) for the M31 system, we conclude that the total mass (disc plus halo) of the primary is unlikely to be as great as that of our own Milky Way. In fact the χ distribution for M31 indicates that, like NGC 3992, it does not have a massive halo. In contrast, the analysis of the satellites of NGC 1961 and NGC 5084 provides strong evidence for massive haloes surrounding both spiral galaxies.     

Narrow-band CCD photometry of giant H ii regions

We have obtained accurate CCD narrow-band Hβ and Hα photometry of giant H  ii regions (GEHRs) in M33, NGC 6822 and M101. Comparison with previous determinations of emission-line fluxes shows large discrepancies; their probable origins are discussed. Combining our new photometric data with global velocity dispersion ( σ ) derived from emission linewidths, we review the     relation. A re-analysis of the properties of the GEHRs included in our sample shows that age spread and the superposition of components in multiple regions introduce a considerable spread in the regression. Combining the information available in the literature regarding ages of the associated clusters, evolutionary footprints on the interstellar medium, and kinematical properties of the knots that build up the multiple GEHRs, we find that a subsample – which we refer to as young and single GEHRs – do follow a tight relation in the     plane.     

Characterization of a chalcopyrite from Brazil by Mössbauer spectroscopy and other physicochemical techniques

We studied a chalcopyrite from a Cu ore deposit in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature and 110 K. Supporting methods to check for sample purity and to characterize further sample properties were slow-scanning X-ray powder diffraction and optical and microprobe analyses of polished sections of selected grains. Chemical analyses obtained using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer showed the sample to consist of homogeneous and essentially stoichiometric chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂). Mössbauer spectra taken at both the above temperatures consist of asymmetric magnetically ordered patterns with unequal intensities of the line pairs 1–6 and 2–5, pointing to the existence of non-equivalent or multiple Fe sites. Least-squares fittings evidenced that the resonance intensity ratio of subspectrum with lower quadrupole shift (indicative of a more symmetric environment) to that with higher shift is 69:31, at room temperature, and 68:32, at 110 K. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data indicates the existence of tetragonal [a = 0.52855(1) and c = 1.0412(1) nm] and cubic [a ₀ = 0.5273(2) nm] modifications in a proportion of 74:26, in good agreement with the Mössbauer data. The saturation magnetization of the sample was 32.7 J/(T kg), confirming the oxidation state of Fe as trivalent and pointing to little to no spin canting.     

滇西北构造地热特征及对地震活动的影响

温泉的水化学组分、循环路径和构造地热特征是分析活动断裂中流体耦合机制及讨论流体对地震发生影响的有效约束之一.本文通过对滇西北地区多条活动断裂附近的温泉资料进行收集, 应用硅-焓模型估算了该区域温泉的热储温度, 对温泉的出露温度、离子组分、热储温度、循环深度及同位素组成特征(δD和δ¹⁸O)等进行了分析.首先对区域内的地震进行了重定位分析, 讨论了小震震源深度与热储温度的关系, 而后分析了该区域的b值特征, 论述了以热储温度表示的区域浅层地热特征与地震活动的关系.结果表明2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震发生在浅层地温场高值区与低值区转换的地热温度梯度异常区内.

     

Hydro-meteorological drought assessment under climate change impact over the Vu Gia–Thu Bon river basin,Vietnam

Hydro-meteorological drought was assessed with respect to climate change over an estuary catchment Vu Gia-Thu Bon in Central Vietnam, which economy is dependent on agriculture. The fully-distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE was used to simulate river flow over the study region for the period 1991–2010. Drought were assessed using the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Standardized Runoff Index. The future climate was studied using the regional climate model Weather Research and Forecasting by downscaling an ensemble of three global climate models – CCSM3.0, ECHAM5 and MIROC-medium resolution over current (1961–1990) and future climates (2011–2040), under the A2 emissions scenario. The results suggest that, despite hotter and wetter future climate, the area is likely to suffer more from severe and extreme droughts, increasing about 100% in the median range for drought characteristics. Thus, there is a need for proper adaptation and planning for water resources management in this region.     

汶川大地震四川省青川县砖混结构村镇房屋震害分析

2008年汶川 8.0级大地震造成了大量的房屋破坏,尤其村镇房屋的破坏最为严重.本文基于对四川省青川县部分乡镇村镇房屋震害的实地调查,对砖混结构房屋的震害从地形、地基基础和结构三方面进行了震害总结,分析了典型震害的成因,指出了目前村镇房屋建设存在的问题,最后对提高村镇民房的地震安全提出了一些建议.     

Is the Variable X—ray Source in M82 due to Gravitational Lensing？

1 INTRODUCTIONObservations of the most famous starburst galaxy M82 with the High-Resolution Cameraon board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, showed that there are nine sources in the celltral11 x 11 region, but no son-roe was detected at the galactic center (Matsumoto et al. 2001).Comparing the observations on 1999 October 28 and those on 2000 January 20, the authorsfound an extremely large time variability of the source CXO M82 J095550.2 694047, which islocated gll away from the galact…     

基于强震和测震数据对鲁甸6.5级地震发震断层方向的研究

2014年8月3日16时30分,云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生M6.5地震,宏观震中位于鲁甸县龙头山镇(27.1°N,103.3°E),深度约12km。发震断层为NW向包谷垴-小河断裂,是NE向昭通-鲁甸断裂系的NW向次级走滑断层。文中利用鲁甸地震50个强震台站观测记录与135个测震台站观测记录,分别进行峰值加速度计算和S波辐射图案匹配,对此次地震发震断层方向进行讨论。结果表明,"NW向"的断层方向更符合强震、测震仪器观测值,同时与地震灾害现场调查结果一致。