On the Relationship Between Fast Lyapunov Indicator and Periodic Orbits for Continuous Flows

It is already known (Froeschlé et al., 1997a) that the fast Lyapunov indicator (hereafter FLI), i.e. the computation on a relatively short time of a quantity related to the largest Lyapunov indicator, allows us to discriminate between ordered and weak chaotic motion. Using the FLI many results have been obtained on the standard map taken as a model problem. On this model we are not only able to discriminate between a short time weak chaotic motion and an ordered one, but also among regular motion between non resonant and resonant orbits. Moreover, periodic orbits are characterised by constant FLI values which appear to be related to the order of periodic orbits (Lega and Froeschlé, 2001). In the present paper we extend all these results to the case of continuous dynamical systems (the Hénon and Heiles system and the restricted three-body problem). Especially for the periodic orbits we need to introduce a new value: the orthogonal FLI in order to fully recover the results obtained for mappings.     

Chaos in the solar system

We have accumulated thousands of orbits of test particles in the Solar System from the asteroid belt to beyond the orbit of Neptune. We find that the time for an orbit to make a close encounter with a perturbing planet, T _c ,is a function of the Lyapunov time, T _ty .The relation is log (T _c /T _o )= a + b log (T _ly T _o )where T _o is a fiducial period which we have taken as the period of the principal perturber or the period of the asteroid. There are exceptions to this rule interior to the 2/3 resonance with Jupiter. There, at least in the restricted problem, for sufficiently small Jupiter mass, orbits may have a positive Lyapunov exponent and still be blocked from having a close approach to Jupiter by a zero velocity curve. Of more serious concern is whether the relation holds for purely secular resonances, and if it does, how to choose T _o .This is the case of interest for the planets in the solar system.     

Research on the Stability of the Circular Restricted Three-body Problem with Radiation and Oblateness

The velocity scaling factor method based on the least squares principle is regarded as the most efficient, stable, and widely-used method among all the manifold correction methods. The stability of the restricted three-body problem where the primary body is a source of radiation and the secondary body is an oblate spheroid is discussed by using the velocity scaling factor method. The numerical simulations suggest that (1) the number of the chaotic orbits will increase if only the oblate spheroid perturbation is considered; (2) the number of the regular orbits will increase if only considering the radiation pressure; (3) when both the radiation and oblateness perturbation exist, the radiation plays a dominant role, and the probability of regular motion of the system will increase.     

On the relationship between Lyapunov times and macroscopic instability times

On the basis of the general theory of Hamiltonian systems, we consider the relationship between Lyapunov times and macroscopic diffusion times. We find out that there are two regimes: the Nekhoroshev regime and the resonant overlapping regime. In the first case the diffusion time is exponentially long with respect to Lyapunov times. In the second case, the relationship is polynomial although we do not find any theoretical reason for the existence of a universal power law. We show numerical evidences which confirm our theoretical considerations.     

Conditional Entropy

In this paper we show that the Conditional Entropy of nearby orbits may be a useful tool to explore the phase space associated to a given Hamiltonian. The arc length parameter along the orbits, instead of the time, is used as a random variable to compute the entropy. In the first part of this work we summarise the main analytical results to support this tool while, in the second part, we present numerical evidence that this technique is able to localise (stable) periodic and quasiperiodic orbits, 'aperiodic' orbits (chaotic motion) and unstable periodic orbits (the 'source' of chaotic motion). Besides, we show that this technique provides a measure of chaos which is similar to that given by the largest Lyapunov Characteristic Number. It is important to remark that this method is very simple to compute and does not require long time integrations, just realistic physical times. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Impact of Perturbation Schemes on the Ensemble Prediction in a Coupled Lorenz Model

Based on a simple coupled Lorenz model, we investigate how to assess a suitable initial perturbation scheme for ensemble forecasting in a multiscale system involving slow dynamics and fast dynamics. Four initial perturbation approaches are used in the ensemble forecasting experiments: the random perturbation(RP), the bred vector(BV), the ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF), and the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector(NLLV) methods. Results show that,regardless of the method used, the ensemble ave...     

一个正压和斜压不稳定的充要条件

提出一个新的李雅普诺夫函数，首次得到了正压和斜压不稳定的充要条件，大大改善了热知的Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－郭晓岚定理和Ｆｊｏｒｔｏｆｔ定理，解决了Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ（１８８０）提出的无粘切变流正压稳定性问题。     

Characteristics Of Chaotic Attractors In Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Turbulence

In this paper, the attractors of turbulent flows in phase space are reconstructed by the time delay technique using observed data of atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence, which include high resolution temperature, humidity andthree-dimensional wind speed measurements in Gansu province and Beijing, China. The correlation dimensions and largest Lyapunov exponents have been computed. The results indicate that all the largest Lyapunov exponents in different conditions of time, site and atmospheric stability are greater than zero. This means that the atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence system is really chaotic and has appropriate low-dimensional strange attractors whose dimension numbers range from 3 to 7 and vary with different variables (dynamical variables or non-dynamical variables) and atmospheric stability. Turbulent kinetic energy is first applied to reconstruct the attractor of turbulence, and is found to be feasible.     

健康人与心脏病人心电信号混沌特性比较研究

Lyapunov指数是混沌理论的重要参数之一,对分析心电信号特性有重要意义。分别计算健康人和3种心脏病人心电信号的Lyapunov指数,并首次采用室上病变病人作为样本进行研究。对比发现健康人与各类心脏病人的Lyapunov指数之间存在显著差别。同时在重构相空间过程中采用1种同时估计延迟时间τ和嵌入维数m的新方法,并与自相关函数法的计算结果进行对比,在二维相空间重构图上进行验证。结果表明这种方法优于自相关函数法。     

珠江三角洲软土地基变形的混沌特性研究

混沌是非线性系统较普遍存在的一种现象，本文以混沌理论为基础，对珠江三角洲软土地基的变形特性进行了研究。从软土的工程特性和微观结构出发，分析了软土地基变形混沌性的根本原因，并对软土变形混沌性进行了定性判别和基于Lyapunov指数的定量判别。研究结果表明，珠江三角洲地区的天然地基及处理后的复合地基的最大Lyapunov指数 均大于0，软土地基的变形具有明显的混沌性。混沌理论为软基变形研究提供了一种新的途径，在工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。