山西大同台短水准的异常识别

给出４点组斜率信息法的理论模型,分析了大同台短水准测量结果,证明几次中强地震前大同台短水准均有明显的中、短期异常;同时发现跨断层测站高差曲线能较好地反映震前短、临异常的变化。     

中国最早的观象台发掘

在山西襄汾县陶寺镇附近发掘出距今约4000年的最早观象台兼祭祀台遗址,它是由观测点、夯土柱和柱间狭缝组成,用于观测日出方位变化,确定回归年长度来制订历法。模拟观测结果表明,位于东南和东北的二狭缝可准确测定冬至和夏至日期,而此二狭缝之间有10个土柱,应象征着视太阳向北和向南每位移一个土柱为一个节气。由此推之,帝尧时的历法特征是将一岁分成20个节气的阳历,上古时的阴阳五行历即十月太阳历是源于它奠定的基础。     

Search for signatures of magnetically-induced alignment in the arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present the results of an analysis of data recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory in which we search for groups of directionally-aligned events (or ‘multiplets’) which exhibit a correlation between arrival direction and the inverse of the energy. These signatures are expected from sets of events coming from the same source after having been deflected by intervening coherent magnetic fields. The observation of several events from the same source would open the possibility to accurately reconstruct the position of the source and also measure the integral of the component of the magnetic field orthogonal to the trajectory of the cosmic rays. We describe the largest multiplets found and compute the probability that they appeared by chance from an isotropic distribution. We find no statistically significant evidence for the presence of multiplets arising from magnetic deflections in the present data.     

Sea-Ice Freeze-up Forecasts with an Operational Ocean Observatory

ABSTRACT

The evaluation of a new method for forecasting freeze-up at the eastern end of the Northwest Passage, a principal gateway into the Canadian High Arctic, is presented. The technique uses real-time data from a novel ocean observatory that combines acoustic, cable, and satellite communications technology to provide year-round bihourly data. The basis for the predictive capability comes from a previous analysis of a decade-long time series of instrumented mooring data collected in the area, which demonstrated a strong link between late summer upper ocean salinity and the timing of freeze-up there. Using real-time data from the observatory and this previously established relationship, accurate predictions of the timing of freeze-up in 2012 and 2013 with lead times of four weeks and two weeks, respectively, are presented. This unique forecasting capability points to the enhanced value of real-time data systems when these systems are located where previously collected long time series monitoring has revealed key relationships in the marine environment.     

用上海强震土层垂直观测系统研究软土层对地震动的放大作用

利用上海曹杨公园土层垂直数字强震观测系统提供的井下基岩和地面自由场三分向数字地震波资料,使用经验转换函数方法,研究了该处软土层对地震动的放大作用。该场地软土层厚达310m。利用2002~2005年记录到的5次地震的数字波形进行的研究结果表明,经验转换函数方法描述场地效应是可靠的。东西、南北、上下三个分量的共振频率分别为5.4Hz、7.5Hz和10.9Hz,对应不同的共振振型;相应的放大倍数依次为20.2±7.1,27.8±2.9和20.7±9.6。并从理论上初步探讨了软土层对地震动放大作用的机理。软土层对地震动的放大作用取决于软土层的厚度,软土层及其下卧基岩的密度、波速,以及地震波的入射角。理论研究表明上海曹杨公园软土层的基础自振频率为0.28Hz。由于整个上海市坐落在软土层上,几百公里外发生强震,都可能在上海市造成灾害,必须引起重视。上海市的防震减灾规划除了需要考虑未来本区内发生破坏性地震的危险之外,还必须考虑到行政边界以外几百公里以内发生强烈地震带来的灾害。高层楼房和大跨度桥梁的设计必须考虑远距离地震传来的长周期地震动的影响。     

国际地磁台网发展现状与展望

从国际地磁台站分布、地磁信息节点分布、地磁观测技术指标、数据产品及服务应用等5个方面介绍了国际地磁台网的发展现状。通过综合分析,得出地磁场和空间环境的全球性精细化监测及预报已经成为地球科学家关注的焦点。在此基础上,从4个方面预测了国际地磁台网未来发展趋势,以期为我国开展相关工作提供参考和借鉴。     

地震前兆设备动态监控报警功能设计与实现

针对前兆设备实时监控过程中动态实时信息的传输问题,提出了一种实现前兆设备动态报警、动态监控功能的解决方案,并在实际设备和网络环境中进行了应用,达到了预期的目标。     

The Kwakshua Watersheds Observatory,central coast of British Columbia,Canada

The Kwakshua Watersheds Observatory (KWO) is an integrative watersheds observatory on the coastal margin of a rain-dominated bog-forest landscape in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Established in 2013, the goal of the KWO is to understand and model the flux of terrestrial materials from land to sea – the origins, pathways, processes and ecosystem consequences – in the context of long-term environmental change. The KWO consists of seven gauged watersheds and a network of observation sites spanning from land to sea and along drainage gradients within catchments. Time-series datasets include year-round measurements of weather, soil hydrology, streamflow, aquatic biogeochemistry, microbial ecology and nearshore oceanographic conditions. Sensor measurements are recorded every 5 min and water samples are collected approximately monthly. Additional observations are made during high-flow conditions. We used remote sensing to map watershed terrain, drainage networks, soils and terrestrial ecosystems. The watersheds range in size from 3.2 to 12.8 km², with varying catchment characteristics that influence hydrological and biogeochemical responses. Despite local variation, the overall study area is a global hotspot for yields of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved iron at the coastal margin. This observatory helps fill an important gap in the global network of observatories, in terms of spatial location (central coast of BC), climate (temperate oceanic), hydrology (very high runoff, pluvial regime), geology (igneous intrusive, glacially scoured), vegetation (bog rainforest) and soils (large stores of organic carbon).     

北京地磁台天文方位角测量及误差分析

论述了北京地磁台天文方位标志的选点定位、造标埋设、方位角的测量方法。对８个观测墩位一个测点进行了方位角测量。通过计算方位角绝对精度ΔＡ＝２．４９″，平均观测均方差Ｍ＝±１．１４″，相当于三等天文观测精度，能满足地磁偏角６″的精度要求。     

南宁自动站资料在MICAPS V2.0系统中的实时显示及其在短时预报中的应用

以南宁市自动气象站业务服务数据库系统为基础,使用VB语言实现自动站资料在MICAPSV2.0系统中地图化实时显示,预报人员可随时查看南宁市各自动站点最新的气象要素,为南宁市短时预报和服务发挥了很大作用。