广域电磁法在豫西地区济源凹陷古生界油气勘探中的应用

豫西地区济源凹陷由山地和丘陵组成,地形条件复杂,地震资料品质较差,盆地内断裂形态结构、深部古生界展布特征等不清楚,制约着济源凹陷的油气勘探和资源潜力评价。本文利用广域电磁法在豫西地区济源凹陷进行方法应用研究,采用“地球物理资料综合处理解释一体化系统”进行数据处理与反演,获得了地下真实的电性特征,建立了目标层与视电阻率的电性关系,刻画了研究区目标层的构造特征。本研究查明了济源凹陷西部斜坡的断裂结构特征,新识别出12条断裂;揭示石炭-二叠系厚度分布范围在200～1800 m,最大埋深2200 m;奥陶系顶界面埋深分布在300～2450 m,呈“条带状”展布,得到了地质调查井岩心编录的证实。     

济阳坳陷桩海地区下古生界硅化岩溶储集层空间分布模式

基于岩心描述和镜下观察,分析了研究区下古生界硅化岩溶储集层的岩性特征。通过对沟通潜山断块和古近纪洼陷的边界断层产状、潜山断块内下古生界产状的分析,认为下古生界碳酸盐岩具备埋藏岩溶作用条件,提出了古近纪沉积物压释酸性水向潜山断块运移的3种方式,即：翘倾端断面补给畅流运移模式、倾没端断面补给畅流运移模式和背斜凸起两侧双向渗入补给对流循环模式。利用这 3种模式可以合理解释研究区下古生界潜山硅化岩溶储集层空间分布的特点和规律。翘倾端断面补给畅流运移模式可以解释潜山断块高部位硅化岩溶层段储集层的发育情况,倾没端断面补给畅流运移模式和背斜凸起两侧纵向渗入补给对流循环模式,可以解释潜山断块的低部位硅化岩溶层段储集层的发育情况。该模式还可以合理地解释硅化岩溶储集层在下古生界赋存层位的 “ 穿层性”特点,同时也能够合理解释潜山断块周缘发育硅化岩溶层段,而潜山断块中心地带很少出现硅化岩溶层段等现象。     

化学物质释放激发中低纬扩展F的数值模拟

利用离子和电子动量方程、连续性方程以及电流连续性方程建立了适合描述中低纬spread-F发展的物理模型,并对模型进行了数值求解,讨论了利用H2O释放来激发电离层Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的可能性. 结果表明,电离层处于不稳定状态时,H2O在电离层底部释放后,造成电子的大量消耗,增强了峰值高度以下电子的密度梯度,有利于spread-F的发展,在spread-F发展的过程中,释放中心附近会形成电子密度的消耗区,两侧出现密度的增强区;而电离层比较稳定时,初始扰动会逐渐稳定下来,但化学物质释放仍能造成电子较长时间、较大范围的扰动.     

柯坪-巴楚露头区海相地层声波速度与沉积体系的关系

为了对沉积体系中各种沉积环境地层的物性进行精细研究,对塔里木盆地柯坪—巴楚露头区台地边缘—斜坡沉积体系和碎屑滨岸带沉积体系的地层进行了踏勘取样。在常温、常压下对岩样进行了超声波纵、横波速度测量,主要获得以下结论:(1)岩样超声波速度与岩样所处的沉积环境关系密切,在生物礁剖面上,从礁基、礁核、到礁盖速度递增;在三角洲剖面上,从水下分流河道、河口坝到前缘泥速度递增。(2)在生物礁剖面上,生物屑的含量是影响速度的主要因素。生物碎屑含量越高,速度越低。(3)生物礁内生物的大小与生长方向是控制岩样速度各向异性的主要因素之一。     

库车盆地西北缘下第三系碳、氧同位素特征及成岩环境

库车盆地西北缘及柯坪地区下第三系碳酸盐岩稳定同位素分析结果显示氧同位素组成在相对较小的范围内变化，而碳同位素组成变化很大。沉积学研究表明塔拉克组和小库孜拜组海相地层主要为潮坪、萨布哈和渴湖相沉积，在成岩过程中或成岩期后，沉积物不同程度地受到了淡水作用的影响。所分析的样品大部分形成于大气淡水成岩环境，富集１２Ｃ，δ１３Ｃ为正值的样品一般形成于海水成岩环境。稳定同位素分析是研究成岩作用的有效手段之一。     

Two new glaphyrids (Coleoptera,Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota,China

Two new species, Cretohypna puncta sp. nov. and Cretohypna robusta sp. nov., of Glaphyridae are described and illustrated. These fossils were collected from the Jehol Biota, Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liutiaogou Village in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China. Up to date, 18 fossil species in 6 genera of Glaphyridae have been reported, among which ten species are from China. Respective keys to the Mesozoic genera of Glaphyridae and to species of Cretohypna Yan, Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 are provided. This is the first report of spiracles in fossil Glaphyridae leading to a hypothesis that the character of the 7th abdominal spiracles present in pleural membrane is a plesiomorphy for Glaphyridae.     

福建沙县地区早白垩世火山岩成因及构造环境分析

本文着重阐述了沙县地区早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征，论证了中性与酸性火山岩的成因及物质来源，认为二者为不同源岩浆演化的产物，其岩浆物质来源于壳幔混源区，为省内双峰式火两端员岩石间成因关系的分析研究提供了新的例征。     

中国南方下寒武统黑色岩系及其地质研究意义

黑色岩系是C、N、P、S、O和一些重金属的循环链,既是一种矿产资源,又是环境因素的良好载体.以我国南方下寒武统为例,讨论黑色岩系的地质研究意义,提出黑色岩系的重点研究方向.     

Integrated Biostratigraphy, Depositional Setting and Geochemical Analyses for Petroleum Potential Evaluation of the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian – Albian) Strata of the Koppeh-Dagh Basin, Northeastern Iran

The lower Cretaceous rock units of the Koppeh-Dagh Basin of northeastern Iran were investigated here in terms of biostratigraphy, depositional setting and geochemical analyses to find out if they, alike other parts of the world, are rich in petroleum. For this purpose, a stratigraphic framework is established using calcareous nannofossil and palynological elements. A nannoplankton zonation based on which subzones of the zones CC7 – CC8 of Sissingh(1977) and their equivalent NC6 – NC8 of Roth(1978) was established indicating a Late Barremian–Albian age. Palynological assemblages led us to establish the local palynozone of Odontochitina operculata. A dominantly marginal basin to a transitional zone between shelf and basin under a dysoxic–anoxic condition with low to moderate sedimentation rates coincided with a gradual sea level rise was introduced as the environment of deposition for the strata via interpretation of the palynological parameters and quantitative palynology. The obtained data from Rock-Eval pyrolysis in compilation with palynofacies analysis reveals that the studied succession contains mainly gas-prone type III kerogen. The Spore Coloration Index(SCI) alongside with the Rock-Eval pyrolysis results(low values of HI and TOC) proves that these rock units locally produced natural gas during the time under consideration.     

Graptolite biostratigraphy of the Lower Silurian (Llandovery and Wenlock) of Bohemia

Nearly 50 sections through the Llandovery and Wenlock black shales of the Barrandian area (Bohemia) have been examined bed by bed. This has made possible the compilation of an improved and well defined graptolite zonal scheme with much new biostratigraphic data included. A total of 268 graptolite species and subspecies have been found. Their stratigraphic distribution allows the recognition of 27 graptolite zones: ascensus–acuminatus, vesiculosus, cyphus, triangulatus–pectinatus, simulans, convolutus, sedgwickii, linnaei, turriculatus, crispus, griestoniensis, tullbergi, spiralis, grandis, insectus, centrifugus, murchisoni, riccartonensis, dubius, belophorus, rigidus, ramosus–perneri, lundgreni, parvus, nassa–frequens, praedeubeli–deubeli, ludensis, and several subzones. The biozones are defined by the vertical ranges of their ‘index’ species and are characterized by rich accompanying associations. The zonal scheme is correlated with graptolite sequences elsewhere.