BATC测光系统的仪器效率测定

对文[2]的4颗流量标准星HD19445、HD84937、BD 17°4708和BD 26°2606中的2颗:HD19445和HD84937所在天区,用BATC15色测光系统中的14色滤光片(除b片外)进行测光。利用批处理程序PipelineI和PipelineⅡ对观测数据进行处理,并利用观测天区中标准星已知的BATC星等来确定天区内的其它恒星的BATC星等。我们估算出天光背景值,并寻找得到的信噪比与BATC星等mbatc以及曝光时间t之间的关系,最后得到三者之间的经验关系公式。     

露采矿床勘探地质报告编制中的剥采比问题

露采矿床开采技术条件中的剥采比看起来是一个很简单的概念，但在勘探报告的编制过程中，往往被忽视，出现一些理解和应用上的错误。笔者根据剥采比的概念，从指标的应用和勘探报告审查中遇到的问题谈点自己的认识，以引起勘探地质报告编者的注意。     

Changes in the Proportion of Precipitation Occurring as Rain in Northern Canada during Spring–Summer from 1979–2015

Changes in the form of precipitation have a considerable impact on the Arctic cryosphere and ecological system by influencing the energy balance and surface runoff. In this study, station observations and ERA-Interim data were used to analyze changes in the rainfall to precipitation ratio(RPR) in northern Canada during the spring–summer season(March–July)from 1979–2015. Our results indicate that ERA-Interim describes the spring–summer variations and trends in temperature and the RPR well. Both the spring–summer mean temperature [0.4℃–1℃(10 yr)~(-1)] and the RPR [2%–6%(10 yr)~(-1)] increased significantly in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 1979–2015. Moreover, we suggest that, aside from the contribution of climate warming, the North Atlantic Oscillation is probably another key factor influencing temporal and spatial differences in the RPR over northern Canada.     

基于CALIPSO的华北地区气溶胶垂直分布特征

利用2007—2014年CALIPSO Level 2气溶胶廓线产品,统计分析了华北地区气溶胶垂直分布规律,并以2013年12月发生的一次大范围霾过程为例,探讨了霾天气中气溶胶垂直变化特征。结果表明,华北地区气溶胶消光系数(σ)随高度指数衰减,年平均标高为2.48 km;1 km以下存在σ高值层,冬季较大、春季较小,年平均为0.333km~(-1)。年平均颗粒退偏振比(Particulate Deploarization Ratio,PDR)随高度递增,变化范围为0.18~0.25;PDR春季较大,夏季较小。年平均色比(Color Ratio,CR)随高度弱增加,变化范围为0.7~0.8;春季CR随高度递减,其他季节随高度递增。华北地区近地面以污染沙尘气溶胶为主;春季以沙尘为主,夏秋季以污染沙尘为主,冬季中高层以沙尘为主,低层以污染沙尘为主。霾事件中,霾日1 km以下存在消光高值层,消光系数约为清洁日三倍。霾日PDR和CR都低于清洁日,2 km以下PDR大多小于0.2,CR以0.3~0.5为主。本地烟尘与远距离输送的沙尘相混合形成的污染沙尘是本次霾过程的主要气溶胶类型。     

高原湖泊中萝卜螺属壳体研究现状及展望

湖泊的古水文及古水化学重建是湖泊研究领域最具挑战性的工作之一。在湖泊、河湖相及高湖面沉积物中,萝卜螺属壳体化石广泛分布;而且现生萝卜螺属亦广泛地分布于全球的湖泊及河流。这些生物碳酸盐(文石)壳体成为一种潜在的和高分辨率的环境信息记录载体。近年来,萝卜螺属的生境及其壳体的稳定碳氧同位素和元素已经逐步被用于了解青藏高原及其他地区的古水文、古水化学和古气候的信息。然而,在萝卜螺属壳体如何记录其宿生水体的古水文、古水化学等信息,以及如何基于萝卜螺属壳体化石重建古环境等方面,仍有许多科学问题有待探索。本文在前人研究的基础上,侧重在作为环境信息载体的萝卜螺属的分类体系、生境研究及其应用和壳体指标(δ¹³C_shell,δ¹⁸O_shell,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr,Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca)特征及其在环境重建中的应用等方面进行总结和展望。     

原料配比对氯氧镁水泥固化砾石土干密度的影响

干密度是评价软土固化质量的重要指标,一般通过室内击实试验获得。以氯氧镁水泥(MOC)为结合料,砾石土为固化对象,研究了原料配比对MOC固化砾石土击实性能的影响。通过室内击实试验,考察了轻烧镁粉掺量、卤水浓度、卤水掺量和活性MgO/MgCl_2物质的量比(Mg/Cl比)影响混合料干密度的规律。结果表明:MOC固化砾石土击实料的干密度随卤水掺量增加先增加后降低,随轻烧镁粉掺量及Mg/Cl比的增加而先增加后降低,随卤水浓度及轻烧镁粉掺量的增加而增加,随卤水浓度增加及Mg/Cl比降低而增加。     

青海盐湖锂资源开发现状及对提锂产业发展建议

中国正处在环境污染治理和产业结构调整的关键时期,发展新能源产业是应对能源和环境危机的必然选择;同时,锂资源储备和提锂技术直接影响到国家能源战略安全。中国科学院青海盐湖所经过二十年开发,目前已形成一套成熟的选择性离子迁移分离提锂技术,并经过了产业化和工业应用验证,核心技术达到国际领先水平。该产业化具有绿色、高效、低能耗、低物耗、低产品成本、高纯度等特点,技术通用性好,可推广应用到青海、西藏高海拔生态脆弱地区以及南美玻利维亚、阿根廷、智利等高镁锂比盐湖中锂的分离提取,在高钙镁地热水、油(气)田水提锂方面也有一定的应用潜力。     

Seasonal dynamics of N:P ratio stoichiometry and Ca fraction for four dominant plants in the Alxa Desert

Desert plants take on unique physiologically adaptive mechanisms in response to an adverse environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of leaf nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and calcium(Ca) fraction for dominant species of Artemisia ordosica, A. frigida, Calligonum mongolicum, and Oxytropis aciphylla in the Alxa Desert and discussed seasonal changes of their leaf N:P ratio and Ca fraction. The results showed that, from May to September, the N:P ratios of A. ordosica and C. mongolicum gradually and significantly increased, while those of A. frigida, and O. aciphylla had an increase trend that was not significant; the physiologically active Ca of A. ordosica and A. frigida increased significantly,while that of C. mongolicum and O. aciphylla decreased significantly. The physiologically inert calcium of C. mongolicum increased extremely significantly, while that of others was not significant. There was a significantly positive correlation between the N:P ratio and physiologically active Ca for A. ordosica, and the N:P ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with physiologically active Ca for O. aciphylla. These findings revealed that the physiological regulation mechanism was different for the plants either in earlier stage or later stage of plant-community succession.     

两次强震峰值速度比及其余震分布特征

基于甘肃地震台网和青海地震台网对岷县-漳县MS6.6地震和门源MS6.4地震的波形记录,采用FFT方法分别计算这两次地震三分向的峰值速度,讨论分量之间峰值速度比的分布特征,进而研究其震源性质。结果表明,岷县-漳县地震具有逆冲兼左旋位错性质,南北向能量明显大于东西向;门源地震以逆冲为主,略具左旋走滑特征,两个水平分量的能量相当。结合这两次地震的余震序列分布特征及其他学者的研究结果推测,岷县-漳县地震的发震断层应该是位于临潭-宕昌断裂西北侧且与其平行的一条次级断裂;门源地震的发震断层应该是冷龙岭断裂西北侧的次级断裂,但受到冷龙岭断裂活动控制。     

Transport properties of low-sanidine single-crystals, glasses and melts at high temperature

Thermal diffusivity (D) was measured using laser-flash analysis from oriented single-crystal low-sanidine (K_0.92Na_0.08Al_0.99Fe³⁺ _0.005Si_2.95O₈), and three glasses near KAlSi₃O₈. Viscosity measurements of the three supercooled liquids, in the range 10^6.8 to 10^12.3 Pa s, confirm near-Arrhenian behavior, varying subtly with composition. For crystal and glass, D decreases with T, approaching a constant near 1,000 K: D _sat ∼ 0.65 ± 0.3 mm² s⁻¹ for bulk crystal and ∼0.53 ± 0.03 mm² s⁻¹ for the glass. A rapid decrease near 1,400 K is consistent with crossing the glass transition. Melt behavior is approximated by D = 0.475 ± 0.01 mm² s⁻¹. Thermal conductivity (k _lat) of glass, calculated using previous heat capacity (C _P) and new density data, increases with T because C _P strongly increases with T. For melt, k _lat reaches a plateau near 1.45 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, and is always below k _lat of the crystal. Melting of potassium feldspars impedes heat transport, providing positive thermal feedback that may promote further melting in continental crust.