长江口理化因子影响初级生产力的探索Ⅲ.长江河口区水域磷酸盐供给的主要水系组成

长江口水域的水系组成和特征的综合研究结果表明,长江、台湾暖流、气旋型涡旋和32°N附近的上升流从东、南、西、北四个方向向长江口水域提供了丰富的磷酸盐,并且均以不同的时间、方式和强度提供磷酸盐。长江口的浅海区南侧有上升流出现,这可由物理海洋、海洋化学和海洋生物调查数据予以证实。这样,展示了整个长江河口区水域磷酸盐的输送过程,为研究长江河口区磷酸盐的分布成因和浮游植物的生长过程提供了科学基础。     

一次模态变异中尺度对流系统的模拟与分析

利用NCEP FNL分析资料及南京多普勒雷达观测,借助WRF模式,对2017年8月19日发生在长江中下游地区的一次中尺度对流系统(MCS)进行模拟和诊断分析。此次MCS组织模态PS(Parallel Stratiform)型和TS(Trailing Stratiform)型共存,开始为带状结构,最后演变为强弓状飑线。气旋切变和低空急流是此次过程的重要影响系统,而午后强烈发展的地面锋触发了此次强对流。在垂直风切变和冷池共同作用下,西侧初始对流发展为PS型模态,东侧发展为TS型模态。由于PS型模态的中低层垂直风切变发生转向,导致其消散。TS型模态附近冷池和垂直风切变相配合,且在后向入流(Rear Inflow Jets,RIJ)作用下发展成为强弓状飑线;RIJ受中低层涡旋对影响而发展增强,其中气旋式涡旋主要由涡度方程中拉伸项决定,而反气旋式涡旋则主要由倾侧项决定。     

海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)根系低分子量有机酸对根际沉积物重金属生物有效性的影响

应用等离子光谱仪(ICP)与高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)分别对海三棱藨草根际沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd)不同化学形态含量和植物根系分泌物中常见低分子量有机酸进行了季节跟踪测定,分析了有机酸(柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、甲酸和乳酸)含量与重金属化学形态(可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态)的季节相关性。结果表明,柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸含量与Cu和Pb的除残渣态外的其它4种形态含量呈正相关性,表明其能提高Cu和Pb生物有效性,与Zn的所有形态含量呈负相关性,降低了生物有效性;酒石酸、甲酸和乳酸含量与Cu和Pb的可交换态含量呈负相关性,而与其它形态含量相关性不明显,降低了生物有效性。与Zn的除残渣态外的其它4种形态含量呈正相关性,提高其生物有效性。而上述所有有机酸与Cd的各种化学形态相关性不明显。表明其对Cd的生物有效性影响不大。     

浅谈海洋行业计量认证的发展历程与经验

海洋行业计量认证已成为海洋监/检测技术机构获取从业资质和拓展业务的途径,是海洋界有目共睹的一个热点。阐述了海洋行业计量认证工作的重要性和发展历程,总结了发展过程中的经验,以供海洋监/检测管理部门、技术机构、计量认证评审员借鉴,也为有志提升监/检测能力、拓展业务的科技工作者和管理人员提供参考。     

Down-scaled regional ocean modeling system (ROMS) for high-resolution coastal hydrodynamics in Korea

A down-scaled operational oceanographic system is developed for the coastal waters of Korea using a regional ocean modeling system(ROMS).The operational oceanographic modeling system consists of atmospheric and hydrodynamic models.The hydrodynamic model,ROMS,is coupled with wave,sediment transport,and water quality modules.The system forecasts the predicted results twice a day on a 72 h basis,including sea surface elevation,currents,temperature,salinity,storm surge height,and wave information for the coastal waters of Korea.The predicted results are exported to the web-GIS-based coastal information system for real-time dissemination to the public and validation with real-time monitoring data using visualization technologies.The ROMS is two-way coupled with a simulating waves nearshore model,SWAN,for the hydrodynamics and waves,nested with the meteorological model,WRF,for the atmospheric surface forcing,and externally nested with the eutrophication model,CE-QUAL-ICM,for the water quality.The operational model,ROMS,was calibrated with the tidal surface observed with a tide-gage and verified with current data observed by bottom-mounted ADCP or AWAC near the coastal waters of Korea.To validate the predicted results,we used real-time monitoring data derived from remote buoy system,HF-radar,and geostationary ocean color imager(GOCI).This down-scaled operational coastal forecasting system will be used as a part of the Korea operational oceanographic system(KOOS) with other operational oceanographic systems.     

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.     

深海系泊法向承力锚模型实验系统

法向承力锚是一种新型的拖曳嵌入式系泊基础.这种锚的工程应用仅有10 a时间.国内在此项技术上尚属空白.通过实验系统的设计,介绍了针对这种新型拖曳锚展开模型实验研究的实验平台.利用一些新型传感器和巧妙的机件设计,不仅实现了实验量测方法的创新,而且达到了经济实用的目的.实验结果也验证了整个系统设计的可靠性.     

大管岛多能互补独立发电系统的发电量设计

结合大管岛居民用电需求,论述了当采用波浪能、太阳能、风能多能互补的独立发电系统时的发电量设计,并根据电力需求与波浪能、太阳能、风能能源资源的季节性变化进行了多能互补的供电效果分析.     

基于神经-模糊方法的单料烟感官质量评价专家系统

作者通过对单料烟评吸的结果与理化测定的指标参数进行分析 ,结合专家经验并采用神经 -模糊方法 ,提出一种基于单料烟的理化指标对各感官参数进行分类、分级 ,建造单料烟感官质量评价专家系统的方法。实验表明 ,该系统具有学习与知识提取能力 ,在卷烟产品质量管理新产品开发中具有指导意义     

El Nio/La Nia过程影响因子的模糊诊断分析

基于模糊系统理论，讨论了从实测信号中滤除特定干扰噪音的途径和过程，研究了从观测资料中辩识El Nino／La Nina主要影响因子的诊断检测方法。结果表明，由于模糊系统具有非线性、容错性和自适应学习等特性，因此能够比较有效地辨认和检测出El Nino／La Nina事件的主要影响因子，并大致分析出它们对不同El Nino／La Nina事件的影响程度和贡献大小。