基于形变观测分析中国台湾东部花东纵谷断层运动特征

花东纵谷断层是中国台湾动力作用和地壳运动变形最强烈的断层之一,其断层运动特征和强震危险程度一直备受学者的关注。文中分别以同震地表位移、1992-1999年震间形变数据为约束,反演2003年成功MW 6.8地震同震位错分布和花东纵谷断层震间运动特征。结果表明：花东纵谷断层北段处于强闭锁状态（闭锁率高达0.9）,闭锁深度深（约27 km）;南段闭锁程度较弱（闭锁率约0.5）,闭锁深度较浅（约12 km）;中段闭锁程度与闭锁深度介于南北段之间。另一方面,2003年成功MW 6.8地震微观震中位于震间无震滑移区与闭锁区的过渡带附近。依据同震位错、震间断层运动反演结果,以及历史强震破裂分布特征,分析认为,花东纵谷断层南北段运动方式存在差异性,北段主要以强震形式运动,南段以蠕滑和地震两种形式运动。自1951年花莲-台东ML 7.3地震序列后,花东纵谷断层南段、中段和北段至2016年所累积的矩能量分别等价MW 6.4、MW 7.0、MW 7.4地震;若发生级联破裂,整个断层至2016年所累积的矩能量等价MW 7.5地震。     

Spatial and temporal variation of runoff of Red River Basin in Yunnan

This paper studies the variation of runoff of Red River Basin and discusses the influence of “corridor-barrier” functions of valleys and mountains on variation of runoff by using GIS and statistic methods based on the monthly precipitation, temperature and evaporation data from 1960 to 2000 at 32 meteorological stations in Red River Basin, and the annual runoff data of Yuanjiang River, Lixian River and Panlong River from 1956 to 2000. The results show out: (1) Under the effect of “corridor-barrier” functions of valleys and mountains in Red River Basin, the patterns of annual precipitation and runoff depth distribution in spatial change a NW–SE direction, which is similar with the trend of the Red River valley and Ailao mountains. (2) In the long temporal scale averaged over years, the most obvious effects of the “corridor-barrier” functions is on runoff variation, and the second is on the precipitation, but not obvious on the temperature. (3) Under the superposed effect of climate changes and the “corridor-barrier” functions of valleys and mountains in Red River Basin, the difference of runoff variation is obvious in the east–west direction: the runoff variation of Yuanjiang River along the Red River Fault present an ascending trend, but the Lixian River on the west side of the Fault and the Panlong River on the east present a descending trend; the annual runoff in Yuanjiang River and Panlong River had a quasi-5a periods, and Panlong River had a quasi-8a periods; the runoff variation are quite inconsistent in different periods among the three river basins.     

基于RV指数的道路网络干扰效应空间分异研究——以云南省纵向岭谷区为例

不同尺度下道路网络干扰效应空间分布差异研究及其驱动因子识别,对进一步研究道路网络引起的生态系统演变具有重要意义.利用表示道路网络干扰效应的RV(Roadless Volume)指数.以云南省纵向岭谷区为案例区.在不同尺度上分析了道路网络干扰效应的空间分布差异.结果表明,云南省纵向岭谷区道路网络干扰效应总体呈现中部高、两边低的趋势:地州及县域尺度上,干扰效应主要集中在昆瑞公路沿线的地州及县市;流域内部分区尺度上,各个流域的中下游地区干扰效应较强;流域尺度上,红河流域相比其他流域干扰效应强.进一步的相关性分析表明,道路网络干扰效应受生态承载力、道路密度和海拔高度等因素的驱动.     

黄淮海平原河流的纵剖面凹度特征

本文以黄淮海平原为例,对于冲积河流纵剖面凹度的形成机理及其与不同河型的关系,进行了初步探讨。     

Analytical Study of Longitudinal Mass Flux Due to the Shear Effect in a Tidal Basin

The fundamental nature of the mass flux due to the shear effect is examined analytically in a basin with steady and oscillatory currents to promote a better understanding of the mass transport process in coastal waters. The currents are given from solutions of the simplified motion equation so as to be consistent with the diffusion equation. The matter concentration used is given by an analytical solution of the diffusion equation with the settling flux term contained. Mass flux, yielding the depth-averaged dispersion coefficient, is rather varied vertically in both steady and oscillatory currents. In the oscillatory current with a Stokes layer in particular, the vertical profile of flux is more complicated and even negative flux is induced near the basin floor. This negative flux does not necessarily yield a negative value of the vertically averaged dispersion coefficient. The exact dispersion coefficient given by the flux analysis is realized only in the steady state of the matter concentration distribution, though we can scarcely observe the steady state in the actual sea. The vertically uniform longitudinal dispersion coefficient at the stationary stage is shown to be caused from the vertical complexity of mass flux by the action of the vertical diffusing and the settling flux. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An experimental study of the surface drift currents in a wave flume

The Lagrangian surface drift current induced by surface gravity waves in a wave flume has been investigated experimentally by the particle tracking method. It was observed that in most regions of the flume, the time-mean surface drift current was in the opposite direction to that of the wave propagation. The secondary current in the form of a pair of longitudinal vortices caused by the lateral boundaries was analyzed. It is suggested that the convection of the vorticity generated by the wave-absorber and the lateral boundaries is an important factor in the determination of the time-mean drift in a wave flume.     

超高能宇宙线大气簇射平均纵向发展曲线的测量（英文）

利用HiRes宇宙线实验的观测数据,通过扣除测量信号中的切仑科夫光成份,测量了广延大气簇射的纵向发展曲线。把所有的纵向发展曲线归一并且平均,获得平均纵向发展曲线。根据所得曲线,检验了3个簇射模型,它们都能较好地描述纵向发展曲线。如果利用高斯函数来描述簇射的纵向发展曲线,发现纵向发展曲线的宽度（σ）与簇射发展最大的深度有一定的关联,而且该参量从1017eV到1020 eV能量范围内几乎保持不变。另外还对平均纵向发展曲线的不确定性进行了讨论。     

Freshwater mollusc biodiversity and conservation in two stressed Mediterranean basins

This paper reviews the environmental factors that influence biodiversity of freshwater mollusc communities and conservation status of watercourses in two Mediterranean acid mine drainage-impacted basins of the southern Iberian Peninsula. We found 17 mollusc species: 14 gastropods (10 native and 4 introduced) and 3 bivalves. We found five distribution patterns: native headwater (Arganiella wolfi, Stagnicola palustris, Unio delphinus, Pisidium casertanum and Pisidium personatum) and mouth (Hydrobia acuta, Peringia ulvae and Myosotella myosotis) sensitive-stenochoric species, intermediate sensitive-widely distributed species (Planorbarius metidjensis and Radix balthica), insensitive-eurychoric species (Ancylus fluviatilis), and erratic-distribution pattern species (Galba truncatula and Planorbis carinatus). The highest biodiversity indices have been found in non-impacted headwaters and, to a lesser extent, in tidal streams. The biodiversity of the middle reaches, with varying degrees of impact by acid mine drainage and high water deficit, was scarce and dominated by introduced species. Over 30% of the variation in native and introduced species richness is explained by environmental gradients related to heterogeneity (instream macrophytes cover and Fhi and Qbr indices) and acid runoffs (pH, conductivity, turbidity and concentration of sulphides). Severely impacted sites have no mollusc species. The conservation status of watercourses is also very remarkably influenced by the heterogeneity and contamination of the environment. Conservation values are higher in water bodies located in protected northern and southern sites in both basins.     

The Acquisition Technique of High-resolution Seismic Data for the Prospecting of Active Faults

The high-resolution shallow seismic technique can be used for more accurately prospecting the position and property of faults and for the preliminary study of fault activity.The author obtains many high quality stack time sections through the prospecting methods of different seismic sources,different group intervals and different observation systems on the Xiadian fault.These sections clearly display the stratum structure and the structure characteristics from several meters to several hundred meters of the...     

活动断裂探测的高分辨率地震数据采集技术

高分辨率浅层地震勘探技术能够较准确地探测活动断层的位置、性质,并初步研究断裂的活动性。作者在夏垫断裂上采用不同激发震源、不同道间距、不同观测系统参数的探测方法,获得了多条高质量叠加时间剖面图,图中清晰地显示了从几米到几百米深度范围内的地层结构和构造特征。通过对这些叠加时间剖面的分析,获得了不同激发震源、不同道间距、不同观测系统参数时间剖面的分辨率。给出了对于不同的探测目标层埋深和精度要求所适用的探测方法和工作参数,为提高断层探测的分辨率和活动断层最新活动时代的确定精度奠定了良好的基础。