REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER VALLEY

ＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＬ ＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＳ ＯＦ ＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ ＯＦ ＴＨＥ ＣＨＡＮＧＪＩＡＮＧ ＲＩＶＥＲ ＶＡＬＬＥＹ ＣｈｅｎＧｕｏＪｉｅ（陈国阶）（ＣｈｅｎｇｄｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎＤｉｓａｓｔｅ...     

Long period variations of the motion of a satellite due to non-resonant tesseral harmonics of a gravity potential

The main effects of tesseral harmonics of a gravity potential expansion on the motion of a satellite, are short period variations as well as long period variations due to resonances. However, other smaller long period and secular variations can arise from interactions between tesseral terms of the same order. The analytical integration of these effects is developed, using numerical evaluation of Kaula eccentricity and inclination functions. Examples for some Earth's geodetic satellites show that secular effects can reach a few decameters per year. The secular variations can even reach several hundred of meters per year for the Mars natural satellite Phobos.     

九寨沟的湖泊植被

九寨沟湖泊植被的特点是;湖泊植物区系属北温带植物区系的一部分;植物群落类型仅有挺水和沉水两大群落类型,群落生态系列极不完整;湖泊植被大体仍保持着自然性和原始性;植物群落生存的水深较大(种子植物可生长在水深6.0米处,轮藻群落可在水深11.0米的湖床上发育),本文对九寨沟13个湖泊植物群落的组成、结构进行了描述。     

冷空气对夏季高原涡移出高原后长久与短期活动影响的对比分析

本文利用NCEP/NCAR-FNL再分析资料、历史天气图和青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴,通过分析1998~2016年高原涡活动情况,对在高原以东活动时间大于96 h的高原涡（长持续涡）和在高原以东活动时间不大于30 h的高原涡（短持续涡）,进行了环流与冷空气活动特征与位涡诊断的对比分析,得出了长、短持续涡的环境场、冷空气活动特征,揭示了冷空气活动、高空锋区对长、短持续涡的影响。结果表明:（1）长持续涡移出高原后是在受较明显冷空气影响情况下加强并持续的,短持续涡则没有明显受冷空气影响。长持续涡所处的低槽较深,槽后的冷温度槽较明显,副热带高压（简称副高）偏南;短持续涡处在分裂槽中,有冷舌,副高偏北;说明影响低涡活动的天气系统强,槽后的冷温度槽明显,副高偏南是低涡能较长时间持续的重要环流条件。（2）长持续涡不仅受到较强冷平流的影响,还处在有狭长的干冷与暖湿空气相遇的地带,使涡区极易产生对流不稳定和低涡扰动,利于低涡加强并持续,短持续涡则远不及长持续涡。（3）长持续涡移出高原后受两个不同方向冷空气影响,涡区内一般伴有两个高位涡中心区,而短持续涡的只有一个高位涡中心区,且位涡值比长持续涡小,长持续涡活动过程中的斜压性也比短持续涡强。另外,长持续涡活动过程中相应的高空急流较强,在增强、东伸、南压作用下,造成200 hPa高空有高位涡下传到低涡,而短持续涡所伴的西风急流平直、弱,造成了短持续涡只受到400 hPa高位涡下传的影响。（4）冷空气影响高原涡维持的作用有:使影响高原涡活动的天气系统加强;使高原涡斜压性增强、对流不稳定增强;使高空有高位涡下传至低涡附近层次,造成低涡区域正位涡异常,垂直涡度发展,低涡加强。     

自然环境高温对长江中下游地区中稻结实率的影响及模拟

利用长江中下游地区6个代表站2004—2011年中籼迟熟水稻品种区试资料及1984—2013年逐日最高气温资料,通过分析田间环境下逐日最高气温与水稻结实率的关系发现,长江中下游地区中稻高温敏感时段主要在水稻齐穗期前36天至齐穗期前4天。其中,齐穗期前14天左右(减数分裂期前后)高温对结实率的影响最为显著。在此基础上,利用水稻高温败育模型,根据各样本水稻减数分裂期逐日最高气温,实现研究区域站点尺度水稻高温败育的定量模拟预测。模型对高温年份2004年和2007年各站点水稻相对结实率模拟和预测的均方根误差分别为4.74%和2.84%。分析表明,利用基于水稻高温败育模型的定量模拟方法,可对长江中下游地区水稻高温热害情况进行较好预测。     

云南省元谋干热河谷土壤水分的动态变化

用波谱分析法的研究结果表明,当地旱雨季土壤含水量差异较大:旱季土壤含水量<凋萎湿度,土壤水分严重亏缺。因受降水量的影响,土壤含水量呈周期为1a的波动变化。用谐波分析法还计算了各层次土壤含水量的谐波展开式,由此可预报土壤含水量变化趋势。     

山谷城市的近地层大气湍流谱特征

山谷城市地区的大气湍流结构研究至今报道很少.本文根据兰州市一次观测实验,对各风速分量谱、温度谱以及动量和感热通量的协谱进行了分析.结果表明,尽管仪器的安装高度较低(6.45m),湍谱特征仍与平坦均匀下垫面得到的一些典型结果基本一致,从而认为,在类似地区进行湍流通量等的直接观测时,对观测高度和地点的选择,可以不必象一些文献要求的那样高.     

秦岭南坡植被的区系地理成分分析——以湑水流域为例

本文对秦岭南坡清水流域主要植被类型的区系地理成分进行了分析,结果表明:植物种、属的地理成分具有明显的垂直分异现象。     

POTENTIAL VORTICITY STRUCTURE OF SUMMER CYCLONES OVER THE CHANGJIANG-HUAIHE VALLEY

Based on the theory of Ertel potential vorticity,the isentropic potential vorticity maps and vertical pro-files of potential vorticity for two summer cyclones over the Changjiang-Huaihe Valley are analysed.Afterdiscussing a possible mechanism for the genesis and development of such systems and their differences fromtypical extratropical cyclones,a conceptual model for their activities is proposed:A weak disturbance in the mid-level of troposphere originated from around the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau may cause heavy precipitation underfavourable conditions and latent heat release in the mid-troposphere leads to downward extension of cycloniccirculation and a wave on the quasi-stationary front.This weak cyclone can develop substantially and becomea typical extratropical cyclone only when air from the lower stratosphere flows downslope along isentropic sur-faces into the region of interest.     

Segmentation of alluvial fans in death valley,california: New insights from surface exposure dating and laboratory modelling

Laboratory experiments, recent paleoenvironmental analyses of rock varnish, and surface exposure dating of geomorphic units have led to new insights into the process of entrenchment and segmentation of alluvial fans, and into the history of Quaternary sedimentation in Death Valley. Entrenchment begins at the fanhead. As the trench deepens, its down-slope end migrates down-fan, taking several tens of thousands of years to reach lower parts of the fan. Laboratory experiments suggest, however, that a new segment begins to grow at the toe long before the trench reaches this part of the fan. Furthermore, the initial slope of the segment is not the equilibrium slope. Field evidence supports this model. The tectonic tilting that caused entrenchment and segmentation in Death Valley may have been triggered by loading of the valley with water. Sedimentation on the salt pan in southern Death Valley is not, at present, in equilibrium with that on the fans. Rather, it seems to be adjusting to an increase in the amount of fine material reaching the playa, due in part to breaching of the outlet of Lake Tecopa somewhat after 600 ka BP, and in part to subsidence of different parts of the valley at different rates. Failure to recognize this disequilibrium resulted in errors in earlier estimates of the age of the segmentation events.