矿井瞬变电磁法多匝小回线装置电感效应的理论研究

由于线圈的自感耦合作用,使瞬变电磁早期时间道信号严重失真。为研究瞬变电磁早期信号的特性,讨论多匝线圈与单匝线圈的自感系数的关系,得出线圈自感信号振幅的理论表达式,并推导出单匝和多匝回线的电感公式。分析瞬变电磁发射回线等效回路的暂态过程及感应电动势的产生和衰减规律。影响早期信号的因素为线圈自感信号,它的衰减不仅与时间有关,而且与等效回路的材料有关。该项研究对进一步研究瞬变电磁早期场的附加效应打下了基础,同时为提取早期数据的研究提供参考。     

Comparing different models of aftershock rate decay: The role of catalog incompleteness in the first times after main shock

We evaluated the efficiency of various models in describing the time decay of aftershock rate of 47 simple sequences occurred in California (37) from 1933 to 2004 and in Italy (10) from 1976 to 2004. We compared the models by the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AIC_c) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), both based on the log-likelihood function and also including a penalty term that takes into account the number of independent observations and of free parameters of each model. These criteria follow two different approaches (probabilistic and Bayesian respectively) well covering the wide spectra of current views on model comparison. To evaluate the role of catalog incompleteness in the first times after the main shock, we compared the performance of different models by varying the starting time T_s and the minimum magnitude threshold M_min for each sequence. We found that Omori-type models including parameter c are preferable to those not including it, only for short T_s and low M_min while the latters generally perform better than the formers for T_s longer than a few hours and M_min larger than the main shock magnitude M_m minus 3 units. For T_s > 1 day or M_min > M_m − 2.5, only about 15% of the sequences still give a preference to models including c. This clearly indicates that a value of parameter c different from zero does not represent a general property of aftershock sequences in California and Italy but it is very likely induced in most cases by catalog incompleteness in the first times after the main shock. We also considered other models of aftershock decay proposed in the literature: the Stretched Exponential Law in two forms (including and not including a time shift) and the band Limited Power Law (LPL). We found that such models perform worse than the Modified Omori Model (MOM) and other Omori-type models for the large majority of sequences, although for LPL, the relatively short duration of the analyzed sequences (one year) might also contribute to its poor performance. Our analysis demonstrates that the MOM with c kept fixed to 0 represent the better choice for the modeling (and the forecasting) of simple sequence behavior in California and Italy.     

氢质子弛豫过程

论述了原子核系统磁化强度的的弛豫原理,分析了含水地层中氢质子磁化强度的弛豫过程,推导出磁化强度的布洛赫方程,从而给出接受线圈中感应电动势的衰减规律,通过计算得到磁化强度各分量随时间的衰减过程以及感应电动势的衰减曲线,分析了纵向弛豫和横向弛豫时间常数与磁化强度各分量和感应电动势的关系。     

强壮前沟藻Amphidinium carterae Hulburt生消过程中水体总吸收特性研究

基于2011年7月藻类培养实验期间的实测数据研究了强壮前沟藻Amphidinium carterae Hulburt生消过程中水体的总吸收特性。结果表明,强壮前沟藻本次培养周期共21天,前15天为生长期,之后进入消亡期;整个生消过程中水体吸收光谱变化明显,未见440nm 波段浮游藻类蓝光吸收峰,但675nm 波段红光吸收峰突出,消亡期总吸收系数的日变化明显大于生长期,总吸收系数与叶绿素浓度的时间序列变化趋势一致;总吸收系数的波段关系良好,但不同生长时期相同波段的拟合曲线存在显著差别,消亡期的拟合曲线普遍高于生长期,且整体看来随波长增加,两曲线逐渐接近,到667、678nm 波段时几乎重合;特征波段(440、675nm)的总吸收系数与叶绿素浓度存在较好的乘幂函数关系,拟合曲线与藻种的生长阶段有关,决定系数均在0.98以上。     

用相位差谱统计规律探讨人造地震动方法

针对相位差谱具有对数正态分布的特点,选取西部67个强震记录计算了各自相位差谱对数正态分布的均值和标准差,再将其转为正态分布的均值和标准差。将正态分布的均值和相位差看作震级和震中距的函数,选取二元回归模型进行回归分析,得到了均值和标准差随震级和震中距变化的关系式。最后对已知强震记录,将其震级和震中距代入回归方程求出均值和标准差,利用均值和标准差产生的地震动时程与实际记录十分接近。     

基于土地利用的中国人口密度模拟

土地利用数据综合了影响人口分布的众多因素的信息。根据分县控制、分城乡、分区建模的思路,建立基于土地利用的中国1km栅格人口模型。对农村人口采用线性加权模型进行模拟,根据全国12个农业生态区内人口与各类农业用地之间的相关关系选取指标,采用逐步回归计算各指标的回归系数,并结合土地的生产力及其与人口的相关性,确定各指标的加权系数。对城市人口,建立基于城镇规模的人口距离衰减加幂指数模型。结果分析表明,“胡焕庸”线以东人口占全国的94.58%,人口密度是该线以西的21倍;东部人口集中于黄淮海地区、四川盆地、长江中下游、东北平原及沿海地区,东南沿海又表现为“点轴”分布的特点。验证表明,模拟结果具有较高的精度。