跨国银行在华发展区位研究

自中国对外开放以来，跨国银行积极在华开拓业务，目前已有来自18个国家和地区的68家银行在中国设立了158家分行。本文阐述了在华跨国银行的发展规律及区位指向，并初步分析了跨国银行来华发展的区位行为和动机，展望跨国银行在中国发展的策略取向。     

Inferring the location of catchment characteristic soil moisture monitoring sites. Covariance structures in the temporal domain

Information shortage is a fundamental constraint in catchment hydrology that severely affects the possibilities for secure inference of the generic hydrologic landscape, as well as for secure validation of physically deduced distributed models. The introduction of databases with high enough spatiotemporal resolution to properly reflect generic hydrological catchment characteristics may therefore be considered as an inferential breakthrough. The work presented here is part of a project where observations from such an Australian catchment (the Tarrawarra) are utilised to estimate the discrepancy for individual soil moisture monitoring sites in reflecting generic catchment characteristics. With low enough discrepancy, observation sites may be considered as catchment characteristic soil moisture monitoring (CASMM) sites, thus capturing unbiased catchment characteristics and being well suited to represent the catchment in a monitoring effort. In this particular study, covariance structures in the temporal domain are inferred in order to enable subsequent enquiries regarding CASMM discrepancies. This is accomplished with ARMAX filters applied to the conditional auto- and cross-covariance structures that connect observations of soil moisture to the temporal variation of meteorology. The results suggest that weekly observations of Tarrawarra soil moisture are quite consistent realisations of first order auto-regressive processes, which means that the present state of soil moisture is generally acquired through the past week. With auto-correlative effects filtered out, cross-correlative meteorological effects on Tarrawarra soil moisture are identified and generally represented by the present week's accumulation of rainfall, the present week's accumulation of global radiation, and the previous week's maximum wind speed. After successive filtering of conditional cross-correlative effects, residual time-series observations may be considered as temporally independent, and therefore are well suited for subsequent inferences regarding covariance structures in the spatial domain. Since the exclusion of auto-correlative effects is necessary for unambiguous model interpretation, the estimated cross-correlative parameters should reflect the true nature of underlying physical processes.     

矿体定位预测的研究现状与趋向

隐伏矿体定位预测已随着找矿主体对象的转变成为国内外矿产勘查界普遍关注的前沿与热点之一。其有可能成为成矿理论研究与找矿勘查实践的“最佳接口”。开展隐伏矿体定位预测研究的主要趋向是探索矿体空间就位机理和定位规律及其厘定与表征方法，探索多源预测信息的有效提取与优化方法和探索隐伏矿体定位预测的有效方法组合及最佳工作程式。     

ADTD闪电定位网在北京地区定位效率的自评估

利用中国气象局ADTD闪电定位网2012—2016年京津冀地区13个闪电定位仪探测到的134余万次地闪资料,对北京站闪电定位仪的探测效率和全网在北京地区的闪电定位效率进行统计分析。结果表明:北京站闪电定位仪探测效率随着探测距离和方位角的变化而变化,有效探测范围为260km;北京站闪电定位仪在20km内探测效率仅为19.5%,随着距离的增加,探测效率逐渐增高,在60~80km范围内探测效率达到最大值86.9%,在80km以外探测效率逐渐减小,在100km范围内,北京站闪电定位仪在东北偏北的方向上定位效率较低,仅为24.3%,可能与正交磁天线本身缺陷因素影响有关。整个探测网络在北京地区自评估的探测效率为85%~95%,全网对弱电流回击的定位能力有待于提高。     

提高地震编目精度的探讨

分析了目前地震编目中存在的问题及产生的原因,根据地震目录的种类、性质等,提出了提高地震编目精度的措施,即应统一规范、统一标定量规、选取布局合理的台站,使用多种方法和区域走时表、加台基校正值计算震级等。指出,只有提高编目的精度才能使使用者从地震目录中获得丰富的信息。     

面向就医地点推荐的个人时空可达性分析方法

目前如何根据用户需求以及时空制约条件合理安排就医出行,在海量的医疗机构中实现就医地点的合理推荐是人们的迫切需求。区别于常见的个性化医疗信息推荐方法,本文综合考虑医疗机构的实时资源规模、医疗用户的个性化需求以及前往机构的时空制约,提出一种面向就医地点推荐的个人时空可达性分析方法,并将方法运用于居民的就医出行场景中,实现就医地点的有效推荐。以济南市为研究区域,借助从高德地图API以及医疗健康网站中获取的地理信息数据与医疗机构资源数据,在不同用户、时间和地理位置的情境下,设置2处高校图书馆、2处居民点以及2处大型交通站共6个场景检验方法的有效性。实验表明,本文提出的个人时空可达性方法,能够有效度量医疗用户个体至就医地点间的可达程度,可解决不同时空情境下的就医地点推荐问题,同时也为相关智慧医疗技术的功能建设提供方法支撑,具有良好的应用前景。     

中国城市土地有偿使用的地域差异及分等研究

城市土地的级差收益不仅存在于城市内部,而且在城市之间也有反映。本文以级差地租理沦和区位论为基础,分析了影响城市土地收益地区差异的主要因素因子,采用多因素综合评价的方法,把全国的城市分为七个等级,为国家制定土地有偿使用的宏观政策提供依据。     

前兆地震活动图象及其在地震预报中的作用(英文)

本文根据长、中和短期预报研究对主要地震活动图象加以归类和简述。结果表明:(1) 基于地震活动图象分析的中、短期预报,在预报时间上可能达到1、2年,甚至几个月的量级。但要进一步缩短预报的时间尺度十分困难,除非有明显的前震序列活动。(2) 地震活动图象分析对于辨认未来主震(尤其是强主震)的位置是有效的。(3) 强震和中强震前的图象特点是有区别的;据此,可以大概估计未来主震的震级。然而,图象的空间尺度与主震震级无明显的相关性。(4) 信号震、前兆震群和前震(包括早期前震)总是伴随着异常的地震活动时空图象。     

Application of singular value decomposition method for location of seismic events in mines

Singular Value Decomposition method of solving a linear system of equations can be successfully used for focus location when both linear and nonlinear methods are applied. This method can also be used to calculate the variance of the separate source coordinates, when the variance of the input data is known. It is also possible to optimize the geometry of a seismic network by using the condition number of the covariance matrix, and to check the set of data which is used for the focus location when some of the data are expected to be incorrect.Examples of applications of the Singular Value Decomposition method are demonstrated for linear and nonlinear methods with reference to the seismic network in Quirke Mine, Ontario, Canada.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal, Canada, August 30, 1987.     

An ex-ante analysis of housing location choices due to housing displacement: The case of Bristol Place

Urban renewal has been criticized for its unintended effects on the displacement of residents to housing situations where they are worse off. The literature concerned with housing displacement focuses on after the fact (ex post) analysis of mobility, hence providing only partial insights to prospective outcomes for residents. In this article, we develop a methodology for predicting before the fact (ex ante) spatial location outcomes for residents facing forced displacement. We ask where in the city will displaced residents locate and how do potential new locations compare to the current one? We apply this methodology to an ongoing urban renewal project in Illinois in order to predict spatial relocation patterns. Our findings show that residents facing forced displacement are likely to relocate to low-priced neighborhoods that are on average as bad or worse off in terms of housing adequacy, accessibility to labor, and shopping. These findings not only bear important implications for urban redevelopment policy, but also help to reveal spatially determined costs of moving which are not factored into current redevelopment impact evaluations.