重庆电网GIS平台建设

重庆电网GIS平台运用国产软件搭建网省信息化平台,完成了数据准备、软硬件环境、平台实施部署、应用系统集成等内容,该文介绍了其主要功能和关键技术。     

几种不同的GPS数据软件的对比

将GPS数据处理科研软件和商业软件进行了简要对比分析,着重从GPS基线解算和网平差两方面,讨论几种常用GPS静态数据处理软件在功能、基线解算和数据处理结果方面的差异,为使用不同GPS软件进行数据处理提供有益的参考。     

湖北省连续运行卫星定位服务系统坐标联测方法研究

通过对湖北省连续运行卫星定位服务系统参考框架的建立进行研究,着重探讨了联测和数据处理中的关键问题,并对结果进行了分析。     

新型GPS控制网布设及应用

设计出一种新型GPS控制网,通过与其他类型控制网进行比较分析,获得该新型GPS网的一些特点,并将该新型GPS控制网应用于工程实际中,实践表明:该新型GPS网,无论平面精度还是高程精度都高于设计精度,能够满足多种工程测量需要,值得借鉴。     

基于BP神经网络的地质灾害细网格预报模型

地质灾害成因复杂,其中以气象因素、地质地貌因素引发的地质灾害最为常见.以金华地区为例,通过对金华市地质地貌条件及其对地质灾害点的调查,将全区划分为4个地质灾害隐患风险等级的网格区域.在此基础上利用金华中尺度气象资料,采用BP神经网络模型,建立地质灾害细网格预报模型,对该模型进行模拟和预报试验.结果表明,合理的隐患风险等级分区能使预报模型更符合科学规律,而采用分布较细的中尺度资料作为预报因子能进一步提高预报精度.模型的预报结果达到一定的可信度,为防灾减灾工作提供了科学依据.     

模糊优选神经网络模型在城市防洪规划方案优选中的应用

城市防洪规划方案的综合优选是一个涉及到政治、社会、经济、环境等多准则、多因素的复杂多目标决策问题.针对目前各种常用的综合优选模型应用中存在的指标权重选择及转换问题,利用模糊优选神经网络模型,构造了合理的网络拓扑结构并将模型应用于某城市的防洪规划方案综合优选中.实例结果表明,此模型不仅避免了对指标权重的处理问题,而且明显加快了BP网络的收敛速度.     

一种基于定向技术的Ad Hoc路由协议

基于MAC层的定向技术&提出了一种适合于Ad hoc无线网络的协议APRP协议,协议考虑了MAC层和网络层信息的共享和交互,改进了动态源路由协议DSR的路由发现和路由维护机制.采用NS2工具对协议性能进行了仿真研究,结果表明APRP协议不仅可以利用定向技术能量利用率的优势,而且还能较好地保持节点移动情况下的吞吐量,降低端到端数据包延时和路由开销     

Compositions and source apportionments of atmospheric aerosol during Asian dust storm and local pollution in central Taiwan

A study has been carried out on water soluble ions, trace elements, as well as PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 elemental and organic carbon samples collected daily from Central Taiwan over a one year period in 2005. A source apportionment study was performed, employing a Gaussian trajectory transfer coefficient model (GTx) to the results from 141 sets of PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 samples. Two different types of PM₁₀ episodes, local pollution (LOP) and Asian dust storm (ADS) were observed in this study. The results revealed that relative high concentrations of secondary aerosols (NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NH₄⁺) and the elements Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As were observed in PM_2.5 during LOP periods. However, sea salt species (Na⁺ and Cl⁻) and crustal elements (e.g., Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ca and Ti) of PM_2.5–10 showed a sharp increase during ADS periods. Anthropogenic source metals, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As, as well as coarse nitrate also increased with ADS episodes. Moreover, reconstruction of aerosol compositions revealed that soil of PM_2.5–10 elevated approximately 12–14% in ADS periods than LOP and Clear periods. A significantly high ratio of non-sea salt sulfate to elemental carbon (NSS-SO₄²⁻/EC) of PM_2.5–10 during ADS periods was associated with higher concentrations of non-sea-salt sulfates from the industrial regions of China. Source apportionment analysis showed that 39% of PM₁₀, 25% of PM_2.5, 50% of PM_2.5–10, 42% of sulfate and 30% of nitrate were attributable to the long range transport during ADS periods, respectively.     

Tidal evolution of discy dwarf galaxies in the Milky Way potential: the formation of dwarf spheroidals

We conduct high-resolution collisionless N -body simulations to investigate the tidal evolution of dwarf galaxies on an eccentric orbit in the Milky Way (MW) potential. The dwarfs originally consist of a low surface brightness stellar disc embedded in a cosmologically motivated dark matter halo. During 10 Gyr of dynamical evolution and after five pericentre passages, the dwarfs suffer substantial mass loss and their stellar component undergoes a major morphological transformation from a disc to a bar and finally to a spheroid. The bar is preserved for most of the time as the angular momentum is transferred outside the galaxy. A dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy is formed via gradual shortening of the bar. This work thus provides a comprehensive quantitative explanation of a potentially crucial morphological transformation mechanism for dwarf galaxies that operates in groups as well as in clusters. We compare three cases with different initial inclinations of the disc and find that the evolution is fastest when the disc is coplanar with the orbit. Despite the strong tidal perturbations and mass loss, the dwarfs remain dark matter dominated. For most of the time, the one-dimensional stellar velocity dispersion, σ, follows the maximum circular velocity, V _max, and they are both good tracers of the bound mass. Specifically, we find that   M _bound∝ V ^3.5_max  and     in agreement with earlier studies based on pure dark matter simulations. The latter relation is based on directly measuring the stellar kinematics of the simulated dwarf, and may thus be reliably used to map the observed stellar velocity dispersions of dSphs to halo circular velocities when addressing the missing satellites problem.     

GIS中河网空间数据模型

河网通常是由多条河流组成的,河网的空间形态结构特征由各条河流的几何特征和河流之间的相互关系决定,为了完整表示河网的空间形态结构特征,本文提出了基于河网空间形态结构特征的河网空间数据模型,并阐述了该模型的建立、维护等方法。