Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine

Strata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×10⁸ J^1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.     

Uncertainty as the overlap of alternate conditional distributions

An important task in modern geostatistics is the assessment and quantification of resource and reserve uncertainty. This uncertainty is valuable support information for many management decisions. Uncertainty at specific locations and uncertainty in the global resource is of interest. There are many different methods to build models of uncertainty, including Kriging, Cokriging, and Inverse Distance. Each method leads to different results. A method is proposed to combine local uncertainties predicted by different models to obtain a combined measure of uncertainty that combines good features of each alternative. The new estimator is the overlap of alternate conditional distributions.     

Tides in the Tongan Region of the Pacific Ocean

Tidal levels and currents in the Tongan region of the Pacific were simulated using a two-dimensional frequency-domain finite element model. The eight major diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents were modeled successfully, using open boundary conditions taken from a global tidal model based on the Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeter. Comparison of model results with observations from the single tide gauge site in the area were later used to adjust the boundary conditions. The validity of omitting horizontal eddy viscosity from the finite element model was checked by running an equivalent finite difference model. The results show that although the submarine Tongan ridge does not appear to trap tidal energy, there are residual tidal currents and possible recirculations which are capable of influencing biological productivity around Tonga. The model results are reduced to a simple method for predicting tidal heights in outlying areas, based only on the tidal calendar for the capital, Nuku'alofa.     

岩石嵌固掏挖基础抗拔承载特性及其影响因素研究

岩石嵌固掏挖基础目前已经广泛应用于电力基础工程中。原状土由于受扰动较小,胶结性强,具有良好的抗剪强度,对掏挖基础抗拔承载力具有重要影响,因此研究原状土参数变化对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律具有重要意义。结合现场试验,建立数值模型,研究土体黏聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律。研究表明:土体内摩擦角和黏聚力对基础抗拔承载力具有较大影响,而弹性模量影响程度较低;参数的变化对土体塑性区发展规律影响较小。     

四氢呋喃水合物沉积物静动力学性质试验研究

利用研制的天然气水合物沉积物合成与力学性质测试一体化试验设备,以粉细砂土和蒙古砂土作为沉积物骨架,对四氢呋喃(THF)水合物沉积物进行了静动三轴试验,获得了水合物分解前后沉积物样品的应力-应变关系、强度和液化特性,对两种骨架的水合物沉积物的性质进行了对比,同时将水合物分解后的沉积物与对应的饱和土的动三轴试验结果进行了对比。结果表明：水合物沉积物均表现为塑性破坏;围压越大,水合物沉积物强度越高;水合物分解导致沉积物的强度大幅降低;水合物分解后沉积物液化所需的时间较饱和水沉积物缩短     

格型钢板桩结构有限元数值分析

以有限元软件ABAQUS作为分析平台,建立波浪荷载作用下格型钢板桩结构稳定性及应力分析的三维弹塑性有限元分析模型。格型钢板桩采用壳体单元模拟,在相邻板桩之间设置铰接连接器模拟板桩之间的相对转动;土体采用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型模拟,在格型钢板桩与其内、外土体之间设置接触面单元模拟它们之间的滑移、张裂和闭合。结合某实际工程,研究结构的破坏模式、失稳特性和应力分布特性,分析参数变化对结构稳定性和环向拉力的影响,并对格内土体的剪切变形进行分析,建议格型钢板桩锁口拉力的验算断面。结果表明,铰接连接器的设置对于结构稳定性影响不大,但对环向拉力有一定影响;格内土体的剪切变形主要发生在格体中轴处,符合太沙基法结论。     

伽师强震群震源特征及震源机制力学成因分析

应用改进的主地震相对定位法对17年伽师强震群3级以上地震进行了精确定位,根据较强地震的空间分布和震源机制解推断出伽师震群的发震构造为北北西向的雁行断裂.根据伽师震群地震的2177个P波初动方向记录,计算了伽师震群的平均震源机制解.基于Silver的震源模型,由震源谱推断了伽师震群主要地震的破裂方向,破裂尺度及应力降.文中最后用右阶雁行断裂的数值模型计算了伽师震群的发震构造所产生的扰动应力场的空间分布图像,用其解释了序列地震震源机制的多样性和低应力降现象,并认为特定的雁行发震构造与强震的多发性有关.     

粉质黏土强度指标的水化学敏感性研究

通过对重塑粉质黏土的液、塑限和固结慢速直剪试验,探讨了粉质黏土液限、塑性指数及抗剪强度与不同浓度NaCl孔隙溶液的关系。试验结果表明,随着孔隙溶液浓度增加,液限随之减小,塑性指数表现出粉土的性质;不同竖向正应力下的强度随浓度变化表现出较大的差异,正应力较低时,强度不断减小,而正应力较高时,则强度不断增大,正应力介于二者之间强度则先降后升;内摩擦角随浓度增加而增大,最终趋于稳定;黏聚力先迅速减小后逐渐回升,且均为负值。其性质变化主要是因为扩散双电层、颗粒间作用力以及孔隙比发生了改变。基于Terzaghi的有效应力原理,对饱和粉质黏土固结慢速直剪试验测得的负值黏聚力进行了分析和讨论,认为渗透压力对黏聚力起了非常重要的作用,从而使黏聚力成为负值。     

常德市城区工程地质特征

常德市城区包括武陵区、武陵镇、德山,它位于洞庭湖淤积平原上,工程地质条件复杂,为多土层结构,软土层发育。常德为7度地震区。据土层特征,标准贯入,动、静三轴试验结果,在武陵区、武陵镇一带,轻亚粘土31.1％有液化,淤泥质轻亚粘土55.4％有液化,粉砂—细砂层60.5％有液化。据此对常德市城区的工程勘察、地基基础类型提出了一些具体看法和建议。     

基于FLO-2D数值模拟的泥石流流动与堆积影响因素研究

泥石流和普通的山体滑坡不同,它是发生在山区的一种含有砂土和石块的暂时性水流,具有宾汉体的性质和运动阻塞双重特性,国内外众多学者在流动学实验及流动学模型的基础上,对数值模拟方法进行了大量研究,通过泥石流的灾害范围、运动速度、运动时间与实际情况进行对比,开发出适用于泥石流预报的数值模拟程序,FLO-2D就是其中之一。工程实践证明,在对泥石流组成物质的流动特性研究基础上,对泥石流移动及沉积特性进一步研究是非常重要的。本文运用FLO-2D流动模型数值模拟方法对泥石流的移动特性进行模拟,以此分析泥石流流动及堆积特性与黏性系数和屈服应力的关系。通过分析得到:随着黏性系数的增大,泥石流流速呈非线性减少;屈服应力作为影响泥石流发生及停止的因素,随着屈服应力的增大,流深也随着增大,但在泥石流移动特性中,屈服应力对泥石流流速的影响并不明显;随着黏性系数的增加,泥石流冲击力减小,而随着屈服应力的增加,泥石流的冲击力则增大。