Accumulation of butyltin compounds in cetaceans from Korean coastal waters

Data on the occurrence and accumulation profiles of butyltins (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT), in marine mammals are scarce. This is the first study to investigate residue levels and accumulation patterns of BTs in cetaceans from Korean coastal waters. The total concentrations of BTs (sum of mono- to tri-butyltins) in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) ranged from 15.7 to 297 ng/g wet weight (mean: 100 ng/g wet weight) and from 59.0 to 412 ng/g wet weight (mean: 228 ng/g wet weight), respectively. Dibutyltin (DBT) accounted for 63% of the total BTs in all cetacean samples. Significant species-specific differences in BT concentrations, possibly due to the differences in their habitat and diet, were found between the two cetacean species. The concentrations of DBT and TBT in most cetacean samples exceeded the threshold value for cytotoxic effects in cetaceans, implying potentially adverse health risks from exposure to BTs.     

Temporal and life history related trends of perfluorochemicals in harbor porpoises from the Danish North Sea

Eighty-five stranded or bycaught harbor porpoises collected from the Danish North Sea between 1980 and 2005 were analyzed for perfluorochemicals in the liver. PFOS was the predominant compound, making up on average 88.9% of the ∑PFC, followed by PFOSA (7.8%). PFUnA (1.9%) and PFDA (1.2%) were detected in most samples. PFHxS, PFNA and PFOA were only found in a minority of the samples. We found substantial differences in PFC concentrations among life history stages, the highest concentrations were found in neonates, suckling juveniles and lactating females. Such differences should be considered when PFC levels in wildlife are evaluated. The high concentrations found in young porpoises are of concern as PFCs have known toxic effects on the development of the central nervous system and reproductive organs. Despite efforts to reduce PFC emissions, a decreasing temporal trend of concentrations was not detected for any compound. PFCA concentrations were found to be increasing.     

不同聚合度琼寡糖对肝细胞内外抗氧化活性的影响

通过研究不同聚合度琼寡糖对肝细胞的内外抗氧化活性的影响,对琼寡糖聚合度与活性间的关系进行了评价。利用二苯基苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH·)检测方法研究了琼寡糖的细胞外抗氧化活性,结果表明,琼六糖具较高的淬灭自由基活性的能力。采用二氯荧光素检测方法(DCF)细胞内的活性,结果与细胞外的活性结果相吻合,并抑制H2O2所造成的细胞氧化损伤及死亡。通过选用五种聚合度的琼胶寡糖,研究了其抗氧化活性,从细胞内、外两个水平说明琼六糖均有良好的清除自由基活性的能力,进一步证实琼寡糖的抗氧化作用较强。     

Hepatic histopathology in two populations of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus

The pollution-tolerant mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, inhabits a heavily contaminated estuary, Piles Creek (PC), in Linden, NJ. PC contaminants include PAHs, PCBs and many metals, including high Hg and Pb. PC mummichog livers and kidneys were compared with those from a pristine estuary in Tuckerton (TK), NJ, by standard histopathological methods, with quantification by computerized image analysis. PC livers had>2× the lipid ratios of TK livers. Cell sizes and shapes were not different between populations. TK livers had a 25% incidence of basophilic areas and an age-related 30% incidence of macrophage aggregates; PC livers had none of these lesions. PC livers had a 100% incidence of necrotic foci, compared with 55% of TK livers. Inflammation was noted in 50% of TK livers but only 27% of PC livers. Curiously, the TK livers had a 45% incidence of metacercarial cysts of a digenetic trematode, while none were found in the PC livers. The TK focal necrosis and macrophage aggregates coincided with parasite infestation. There were no observed kidney lesions in either population. Positive biomarkers in this species thus included high hepatic lipid content, possibly necrosis, but no other lesions. The lack of trematode cysts in PC livers may reflect the lack of an intermediate host in this low biodiversity estuary.     

Are metal-induced hypersensitivities in harbor seals associated with liver function?

Environmental exposure to metals is believed to affect marine mammal health adversely including immunosuppression or acute as well as chronic inflammatory processes leading to hypersensitivities or autoimmune diseases. Metal-specific hypersensitivities were found in several pinnipeds of the North Sea. However, hypersensitivity is a complex phenomenon whose characteristics are still not completely understood; in particular, effects on health are not well established. In the present study, we compared basic hematological and biochemical parameters of seals with and without metal-specific hypersensitivities. We found altered hematological parameters and liver enzyme patterns in seals with a metal-induced hypersensitivity, including a reduction in macrophages, an increase in lymphocytes, and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings support the suggestion of a chronic influence of metal pollutants on the health of marine mammals of the North Sea.     

肝脏MR四种扫描序列比较

目的 探讨豺脏ＭＲ扫描序列的最佳选择。方法 对２９例患者采用四种（ＳＥ、ＦＬＡＳＨ、Ｔｓｅ１１、Ｔｓｅ２３）扫描序列进行肝脏ＭＲ扫描,测量和计算图像的信噪比９ＳＮＲ）和对比度噪声比（ＣＮＲ）,同时对影像进行视觉评价。结果 ＦＬＡＳＨ和ＴＳＥ２３序列的ＳＮＲ和ＣＮＲ均不及Ｔｓｅ１１序列。结论 肝脏ＭＲ扫描ＦＬＡＳＨ序列可作为首选,Ｔｓｅ２３序列可作为辅助使用。     

低温选择大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)的肝脏蛋白质组双向电泳分析

采用双向电泳技术,对低温选择组与对照组大黄鱼进行肝脏蛋白质组双向电泳分析。结果表明,低温选择组肝脏蛋白点1673±47个,对照组1651±43个,共有19个蛋白点经低温选择后,表达量显著变化。从中挑选3个差异蛋白点进行肽指纹图谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)或串联质谱(LC-MS-MS)分析,然后MS-BLAST数据库搜寻。低温选择组大黄鱼肝脏MHC和CFL2蛋白表达显著上调,而2-CysPrxs蛋白表达显著下调。说明低温选育组大黄鱼机体抗细胞凋亡能力明显增强,预示低温选择后留下的大黄鱼在低温环境中生存能力更强。     

超声造影与16层螺旋CT在肝脏肿瘤诊断中的对照研究

目的 分析肝脏肿瘤超声造影后的组织血流特征与16层螺旋CT三个时期的强化特征,评价其临床诊断价值。方法: 研究分析30例病例在超声造影与16层螺旋CT三个时期的各自不同的典型图像。采用经手背静脉注射“全氟显”超声造影剂,利用相干谐波成像技术分析三个时期表现,而16层螺旋CT采用高质量扫描模式,扫描参数:层厚7.5mm,通过拆分成1.25mm,螺距1.375:1,电压120KA,管电流280mA。增强三期扫描分别注射对比剂,动脉期16-25s,门脉期35-55s,延迟期是1min10s-3min。高压注射器单相注射,非离子型造影剂,注射速率2.5ml/s,剂量70-85ml,浓度300mg/ml,通过工作站的技术分析,明确肝肿瘤的强化特点。结果 对30例肝脏肿瘤患者进行超声造影与16层螺旋CT检查,其中原发性小肝癌18例,5例小血管瘤,3例局灶性脂肪肝,3例转移性肝癌,1例退变结节。其中有2例超声造影未检测出肿瘤样特征性图像改变,而经CT检测出并诊断为小肝癌1例和退行性结节1例。所有病例均经手术、病理和穿刺证实。结论 超声造影与16层螺旋CT对肝脏肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断均具有较高的临床应用价值。但对一些特殊肝脏肿瘤患者,联合检测可提高早期诊断的检出率。     

螺旋CT多期扫描在肝小血管瘤与小肝癌诊断的临床应用

目的：探讨小肝细胞癌和肝脏小血管瘤螺旋CT增强表现及其随时间延迟所致的CT征象的变化过程，材料与方法：50例患者（15例SHCC，35例SHHE），其中19例经手术病理标本证实，其余患者由临床表现和实验室检查诊断，采用Siemens Plus4C螺旋CT机，先作平扫，然后在肿瘤靶平面平衡期扫描。着重观察，分析不同CT扫描时相小肝细胞癌和肝脏小血管瘤CT表现特征的动态变化过程，结果，SHHE组发现病灶44个，30个病灶在动脉期动缘明显强化逐渐向中心填充，22个病灶在动脉期和门静脉期均为高密度，2个病灶在动脉期和门静脉期均为底密度，在平衡期42个病灶SHHE为高密度和等密度SHCC组发现二18个，14个病灶SHCC显示动脉期呈高密度、门静脉期为低密度，3个病灶动脉期为高密度、门静脉期为等密度、1个病灶动脉期、门静脉期均为低密度，平衡期16个病灶的SHCC为低密度，结论：根据SHHE和SHCC在螺旋CT多期扫描的强化表现，大多数病例可明显两者诊断。