矿物包裹体的气、液相成分测定

矿物中包裹体温度、压力和气、液相成分的测定数据是阐明矿床成因、成矿物质来源、成矿物质化学条件和成矿元素运移方式等的重要地球化学参数。本文介绍了用载气热爆—气相色谱法测定气相成分(H_2、O_2、N_2、CH_4、CO、CO_2、H_2O)和用超声波提取液相成分,再用原子吸收分光光度计法和数字离子计法分别测定阳离子(K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+))、阴离子(F~-、Cl~-)。对实验装置、工作条件和分析步骤等本文均有叙述。并以石英标样,对实验结果作了初步讨论。其中对气相成分的提取,用载气热爆法代替真空热爆法可提高工作效率五倍。     

Clay Minerals and Geotechnical Index Properties of Marine Clays in East Asia

Clay mineral composition and geotechnical index properties of marine clays collected from Singapore, Korea, and Japan were investigated, and the correlation of clay mineral composition with the consistency limits and activity of the clays was examined. Predominant clay minerals were kaolinite for Singapore clay, kaolinite, vermiculite, and illite for Pusan clay, and smectite for Hachirogata and Ariake clay from Japan. The activity of clay indicates that Singapore clay is classified as normal or inactive, Pusan clay as normal, and Hachirogata and Ariake clays mostly as active. Significant positive correlations were found between smectite percentage in bulk soil and the liquid and plastic limits of the clays.     

Interplay between scintillation and ionization in liquid xenon Dark Matter searches

We provide a new way of constraining the relative scintillation efficiency L_eff for liquid xenon. Using a simple estimate for the electronic and nuclear stopping powers together with an analysis of recombination processes we predict both the ionization and the scintillation yields. Using presently available data for the ionization yield, we can use the correlation between these two quantities to constrain L_eff from below. Moreover, we argue that more reliable data on the ionization yield would allow to verify our assumptions on the atomic cross sections and to predict the value of L_eff. We conclude that the relative scintillation efficiency should not decrease at low nuclear recoil energies, which has important consequences for the robustness of exclusion limits for low WIMP masses in liquid xenon Dark Matter searches.     

Effect of organic solvent type on the removal of nitrate ion using liquid membrane technique

In this study, the removal of nitrate ions from aqueous solutions with liquid membrane technique has been investigated for different organic solvent types in which solubilized tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TDTMABr) as carrier. n-butyl alcohol, chloroform, and mixture of chloroform + n-hexane (n-hexane 85% + chloroform 15%) were used as organic solvent. Kinetic parameters (k _1d, k _2m, k _2a, t _max, R _m^max, J _m^max, J _a^max) were calculated from obtained data. time R _a values of mixture, butyl alcohol, and chloroform are 0.81, 0.78, and 0.55, respectively. Similarly R _d, R _m, and t _max values of the mixture equal to 0.14, 0.04, and 87.92 min, respectively. This behavior of the system shows the organic solvent type is an effective parameter on separation yield. It can be concluded that the mixture is the most effective organic solvent type among the investigated ones, because liquid membrane systems should be operated within the range of having the R _m, R _d, and t _max values are minimum while R _a values are maximum.     

液态二氧化碳(LC)播撒装置应用研究

针对液态二氧化碳(LC)的播撒问题, 给出了其播撒装置的基本特征、播撒率及主要影响因子;用FSSP-100 、2D-C粒子测量仪、三用滴谱仪及能见度仪等设备测定了LC播出物的相态、粒子形状和尺度谱。测定表明:LC播出物为液、固、气态二氧化碳三相共存混合物。液态、固态粒子存在时间约100～101s, 粒子尺度10-1～102μm, 播出物流束中单位体积质量可达3.6 g·m-3。这些测定结果为使用LC作为冷云催化剂提供了可靠依据, 为国内在较暖云顶层状云中开展人工增雨作业提供了合适的催化技术。     

Unusual rocks and mineralisation in a new carbonatite complex at Kandaguba, Kola Peninsula, Russia

The paper presents the results from a reconnaissance investigation of carbonatites in a newly discovered alkaline complex in the Kola peninsula, Russia. The Kandaguba complex differs from other carbonatite plutons of the Kola alkaline province by (a) the absence of ultrabasic rocks, (b) widespread occurrence of nepheline-, cancrinite- and nepheline–cancrinite syenites and carbonatites and (c) presence of apatite–calcite ijolites and feldspar ijolites as separate intrusive phase. The Kandaguba carbonatites are notable for the predominance of late ferromagnesian varieties together with quartz and numerous accessory mineral species. The association of phosphates (monazite, gorseixite, goyazite, apatite), sulphides and tellurides (pyrite, sphalerite, galena, hessite), ilmenorutile, barite with quartz and ankerite is a remarkable feature of these carbonatites. The Kandaguba carbonatites are inferred to have been generated as the products of liquid immiscibility followed by differentiation of the carbonatite melt.     

岩石破裂过程中电阻率变化机理的探讨

受压岩石在破裂过程中,视电阻率会出现明显的变化,其异常形态与实验条件有很大的关系. 实验中对磁铁石英岩样品施加了单轴压缩,岩石的破裂经反复加载和卸载实现,并在岩样的裂隙中注入了食盐溶液. 在实验的各阶段,对样品的主剖面重建出一系列内部真电阻率分布的图像,揭示了介质内的微细结构,从而探讨了视电阻率变化的原因. 实验发现,岩石中裂隙的存在及所含液体的饱和状态,是岩石在主破裂前控制电阻率变化的两个最重要的因素;低应力状态属常态导电过程,孔隙度的变化是主要因素;高应力状态属裂隙表面导电机制,随着破裂面在岩体内部出现,水和孔隙有了完全贯通的平面,多种导电机制都得以发挥作用. 此外,体导电结构的变化在宏观上表现为各向异性和图样有序性的增强.     

由X射线衍射获得的液体径向分布函数

主要介绍单原子液体、同核分子液体、杂核分子液体和水溶液电子径向分布函数、原子径向分布函数和分子径向分布函数的定义 ,简明阐述了气体、液体和晶体 ,尤其是二维晶体的径向分布函数的物理意义和几何意义。     

四川盆地海相三叠系液态钾盐──富钾含钾气田卤水及其类型和意义

四川盆地海相三叠系富钾含钾气田卤水分布广、品质优、资源富。气田卤水除普遍富合K+组分,构成液态钾盐资源外,Br-、I-、B3+、Li+、Sr2+等有用组分也超过或达到工业品位,为优质化工原料水。富钾含钾气田卤水有沉积变质型和钾盐溶滤叠加型两类。卤水具重要的资源意义和固液态钾盐找矿的指示意义。     

On the dynamical effects of an inhomogeneous liquid core in the theory of nutation

As shown in previous work, dynamical effects of a realistic model of a heterogeneous, compressible, stably stratified liquid core may be obtained by means of a simple analysis of the generalized two-dimensional Laplace tidal equation which describes tidal flows of an incompressible and non-gravitating fluid in a thin spherical layer with mobile boundaries. The solution was presented in the form of expansions in powers of a small parameter κ being the ratio of nutational motion frequency in space to the frequency of the Earth's diurnal rotation. Whereas in an earlier paper only first-order terms were taken into account, our present approach includes not only main second-order terms in the spherical harmonic expansions of the solutions, but also the terms of higher orders. These effects are calculated numerically for realistic models of the Earth's outer liquid core, solid inner core and anelastic mantle (PREM model). All tables are found in electronic version at http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/fb/vw/ipg/Welcome2.html Received: 12 June 1997 / Accepted: 11 December 1997