Chemical and boron-isotope variations in tourmalines from an S-type granite and its source rocks: the Erongo granite and tourmalinites in the Damara Belt,Namibia

Tourmaline is widespread in metapelites and pegmatites from the Neoproterozoic Damara Belt, which form the basement and potential source rocks of the Cretaceous Erongo granite. This study traces the B-isotope variations in tourmalines from the basement, from the Erongo granite and from its hydrothermal stage. Tourmalines from the basement are alkali-deficient schorl-dravites, with B-isotope ratios typical for continental crust (δ¹¹B average −8.4‰ ± 1.4, n = 11; one sample at −13‰, n = 2). Virtually all tourmaline in the Erongo granite occurs in distinctive tourmaline-quartz orbicules. This “main-stage” tourmaline is alkali-deficient schorl (20–30% X-site vacancy, Fe/(Fe + Mg) 0.8–1), with uniform B-isotope compositions (δ¹¹B −8.7‰ ± 1.5, n = 49) that are indistinguishable from the basement average, suggesting that boron was derived from anatexis of the local basement rocks with no significant shift in isotopic composition. Secondary, hydrothermal tourmaline in the granite has a bimodal B-isotope distribution with one peak at about −9‰, like the main-stage tourmaline, and a second at −2‰. We propose that the tourmaline-rich orbicules formed late in the crystallization history from an immiscible Na–B–Fe-rich hydrous melt. The massive precipitation of orbicular tourmaline nearly exhausted the melt in boron and the shift of δ¹¹B to −2‰ in secondary tourmaline can be explained by Rayleigh fractionation after about 90% B-depletion in the residual fluid. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

基于Ka波段云雷达观测的中国西天山降雨云宏微观物理特征研究

利用Ka毫米波云雷达与自动气象站降雨资料,研究了西天山地区2019年和2020年5～8月的降雨云宏微观特性。结果表明：(1)降雨主要发生在夜间,累积降雨量集中在21:00(北京时间,下同)至次日07:00,降雨频次和累积降雨量相关系数为0.71。大雨强频次虽最少,但对总累积降雨量贡献较显著。(2)小雨强、中雨强、大雨强平均反射率因子最大值分别为30 dBZ、35.8 dBZ和39.5 dBZ,最大平均液态水含量分别为1.5 g m^-3、4.2 g m^-3和7.3 g m^-3。(3)不同降雨强度对应的反射率因子都有两个集中区域,2.0～4.4 km反射率因子集中在15～26 dBZ,地面附近的小雨强、中雨强、大雨强对应的反射率因子分别集中在24～32 dBZ、29～38 dBZ和31～42 dBZ。1.75 km以下中雨强和大雨强液态含水量小于1gm^-3的频率明显少于小雨强,降雨强度的越大降雨粒子径向速度越集中。     

六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽和液态水特征初步分析

六盘山区是中国典型的农牧交错带和生态脆弱带,也是黄土高原重要的水源涵养地、生态保护区及国家级扶贫开发区。利用2017年6-11月隆德气象站地基多通道微波辐射计资料,结合同期平凉探空站及隆德地面降水等观测资料,分析了六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽、液态水变化特征。结果表明：六盘山区夏秋季在降水天气背景下,大气水汽含量和液态水含量均较高,分别为无降水天气背景下的1.4倍和7.0倍;降水天气背景下水汽在5000 m以下有明显的增加,且在此高度范围内的水汽密度随高度的递减率比无降水天气背景下明显偏小;各高度层的液态水相比无降水天气背景下均有明显增大,除6月外,主峰值均出现在0℃层高度层以下。六盘山区夏秋季各月中,6-9月。大气水汽含量高值区均出现在正午到傍晚时段,低值区均出现在日出前后;液态水含量在日出前、午后及傍晚分别出现峰值,最明显的峰值出现在午后。对一次对流性降水天气过程分析后发现,降水发生前40 min大气水汽含量和液态水含量出现两次明显的跃增,水汽向上输送不断加强,2500-7500 m高度的相对湿度明显增大。     

液体中光声信号吸收衰减的研究

研究水的声吸收所引起的光声脉冲幅度的变化。脉冲声波由激光通过光击穿机制产生。文中给出了光声脉冲峰值声压与传播距离和声吸收系数之间的理论关系式。实验测量结果和理论曲线所描述的变化规律相符合。     

围隔实验中水柱颗粒物色素的动态研究

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)研究了围隔实验过程中水柱颗粒物主要色素的组成及动态变化,并就滤食性鱼类鲢对水体主要色素代谢的影响进行了讨论。结果表明:水柱中的主要色素有叶绿素a、异黄素、岩藻黄素、黄体素、玉米黄素和蓝藻叶黄素等,未放鱼的围隔中实验后期各种色素含量均降低到最低水平,有鱼的围隔中鱼类密度越高则色素含量降低越多。未放鱼的围隔中叶绿素a代谢产物———脱植基叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿酸a与叶绿素a的比值均大于其它围隔,有鱼的围隔中鱼类密度大的这几个比值也比较大。     

辽西火山岩型金矿地质特征及成因讨论

辽西火山岩型金矿分布在中生代陆相火山盆地边缘活动带内,受辽西弧形构造带控制,为火山期后热液矿床,可初步划分为3种成因类型:次火山(斑岩)热液型(二道沟式),火山—次火山热液型(红石砬子式)和爆发角砾岩型(水泉式),成矿作用与中酸性火山—次火山岩关系密切,成矿时代为燕山期(90—110Ma)。稳定同位素研究结果表明,含矿热液为富含挥发组份和多金属成矿元素的富金水溶液,来源于地壳深部或上地幔,即高温热卤水对镁铁质、超镁铁质岩石长期侵蚀、淋滤和溶解,获取大量的金属成矿元素,在不透水层之下形成深部液态矿源层。     

油井产液量与井底压力关系的研究

利用流体动力学理论,研究了油井产量与井口压力、井底压力之间的产量关系,给出了井口压力和油井产液量之间的等效互换关系,进一步研究了油井动态观测资料的科学处理方法,以胜利油田东水－３井为例,对其观测资料进行了处理,并讨论了泄流管管径对流量及等效水位的影响。     

First results from a dark matter search with liquid argon at 87 K in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory

A new method of searching for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) has been developed with the direct detection of the low energy nuclear recoils observed in a massive target (ultimately many tons) of ultra pure liquid argon at 87 K. A high selectivity for argon recoils is achieved by the simultaneous observation of both the VUV scintillation luminescence and of the electron signal surviving columnar recombination, extracted through the liquid–gas boundary by an electric field.

First physics results from this method are reported, based on a small 2.3 l test chamber filled with natural argon and an accumulated fiducial exposure of about 100 kg day, supporting the future validity of this method with isotopically purified ⁴⁰Ar and for a much larger unit presently under construction with correspondingly increased sensitivities.     

In situ nitrite measurements using a compact spectrophotometric analysis system

Application of a portable spectrophotometric analysis system for measurement of nitrite in seawater is described in this work. The spectral analysis system (SEAS) used for observations of the primary nitrite maximum (PNM) has an operational depth of 500 m and is capable of fully autonomous data acquisition and analysis. The liquid core waveguides (LCWs) used as optical cells in SEAS allow for optical pathlengths as long as 5 m and provide subnanomolar detection limits for a variety of analytes. The 1-m waveguide used in the present study had an internal volume of 0.52 cm³ and provided NO₂⁻ measurement precisions and detection limits on the order of 1.2 and 2.5 nM. The time required for a complete in situ analysis, approximately 3–5 min, allows acquisition of detailed profiles on time scales commensurate with the duration of typical hydrocast operations. NO₂⁻ profiles in the Gulf of Mexico showed very sharp gradients over a 5–10-m depth range and a primary nitrite maximum between 100 and 130 m. A shoulder was often observed approximately 10 m below the primary maximum, with relatively slowly decreasing NO₂⁻ concentrations at increasing depth.     

溶液结构的同步辐射反射法研究——径向分布函数解析

报道由硫酸钠水溶液实验径向分布函数通过理论模型计算,解析溶液结构参数的方法。其中包括建立理论结构模型的基本依据,专用KURLVR程序使用和结构参数最小二乘精修,以及高斯多峰拟合等实用方法,最终给出能够阐述溶液本质的微观结构参数。结果表明,硫酸钠溶液中水合Na+有2个水合层,第一水合层Na+-OH2(I)距离为0.243 nm,配位数6.0;第二水合层距离为0.448 nm,配位数为13.3;SO2-4存在第一水合层,SO2-4-H2O距离为0.374 nm,配位数为9.1;水合硫酸根原子团中氧原子与水分子的作用距离和配位数按OS-W(1)、OS-W(2)、OS-W(3)、OS-W(4),距离依次为0.283、0.322、0.375和0.486 nm,配位数除OS-W(2)为12.9,其余都在8左右;除此之外溶液中还存在NaOSO-3接触离子对,Na-S距离为0.348 nm,配位数0.20,与晶体结构比较证实SO2-4以单齿形式配位到Na+;水共享离子对Na+-W-SO2-4中Na-S距离精修为0.491 nm,配位数0.62。精修的R因子为0.16,表明获得了很好的精修结果。