金坛石灰岩资源合理利用与供需保障分析

金坛非金属矿产资源比较丰富,石灰岩是主要的优势矿产。石灰岩原探明的储量有2亿多吨,但因部分储量位于茅山风景名胜区禁采区内不能利用,加之20多年来的开采消耗了较多储量,资源形势日趋严峻。有限的资源,持续上升的需求,供需矛盾严峻的形势摆在面前,为促进经济社会的可持续发展,必须加强对石灰岩资源的保护,科学配置、合理利用资源,以提高石灰岩矿资源保障能力。     

The limestone pavements of Great Asby Scar,Cumbria, UK

 Varied, well-developed limestone pavements are well exposed over an extensive area of the Carboniferous limestone outcrop of the Orton-Asby escarpment, Cumbria. This area is the largest expanse of limestone pavements outside the well-known Ingleborough karst of Yorkshire, and the National Nature Reserve at Great Asby Scar includes the best developed and least damaged landforms of the whole area, most of which is now protected by Limestone Pavement Orders. Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995     

沉积剩磁的稳定性问题

红色碎屑沉积岩和灰岩作为古地磁研究的重要对象,其剩磁稳定性是获得可靠数据的基础,本文对红色碎屑沉积岩和灰岩中载磁矿物的来源及其成岩环境对沉积剩磁稳定性的影响进行了初步研究,提出在进行古地磁学研究时,在选择稳定的构造环境的同时,还应注意岩石的生成环境。     

Quality assessment of armourstone for a rubble mound breakwater (Sinop, Turkey)

Helald is a fishing town in the central Black Sea region where construction of a rubble mound breakwater is being planned. The construction of the breakwater requires good quality durable armourstone. Several laboratory tests are performed for the quality assessment of the two potential armourstone, namely, limestone and sandstone. The quality evaluation of the stones is done on the basis of CIRIA/CUR criteria, saturation coefficient, wet-to-dry strength ratio, and the rock durability index. The quality evaluations are then compared with the field performance of both rocks. Laboratory test results, durability assessments and field performance of the rocks indicate that the limestone is a good quality armourstone and it can be used for the breakwater construction. However, the sandstone is marginal to poor material with very poor field performance, and should not be used for the breakwater construction.     

渤海湾地区Z油田沙一下生物灰岩油藏裂缝特征及其形成机理

以渤海湾地区Z油田沙一下生物灰岩油藏为例, 利用岩心、薄片及成像测井等资料, 对天然裂缝特征及控制因素进行研究, 并对裂缝的成因机理进行了分析.研究表明, Z油田沙一下生物灰岩储层主要发育构造裂缝及成岩裂缝两种类型, 其中构造裂缝又分为剪切裂缝及扩张裂缝两类; 大多数构造裂缝为高角度缝, 主要方位为北东-南西向、北西-南东向及近东西向; 裂缝纵向高度一般小于170 cm, 裂缝平面长度主要分布在35 m以内, 裂缝开度主要在100 μm以内; 裂缝的发育受岩性、岩层厚度、断层等地质因素控制.该区构造裂缝主要在始新世-渐新世裂陷中后期北西-南东向引张应力场及东营末期北东东-南西西向反转挤压应力场两期构造应力作用下形成, 其中早期主要形成北东-南西向的正断层型裂缝, 晚期主要形成北东-南西向、北西-南东向的剪切裂缝及近东西向扩张裂缝.     

Two-dimensional reactive transport modeling of the alteration of a fractured limestone by hyperalkaline solutions at Maqarin (Jordan)

Two-dimensional reactive transport modeling of the Maqarin Eastern Springs site, a natural analogue for the alteration of a fractured limestone by high-pH Portland cement waters, has been performed using the CrunchFlow code. These 2D calculations included transport by advection–dispersion–diffusion along a single fracture and diffusion in the wall rock. Solute transport was coupled to mineral dissolution and precipitation. A limited sensitivity analysis evaluated the effect of different values of primary mineral surface areas, flow velocity and sulfate concentration of the inflowing high-pH solution.Major secondary minerals include ettringite–thaumasite, C–S–H/C–A–S–H and calcite. C–S–H/C–A–S–H precipitation is controlled by the dissolution of primary silicates. Ettringite precipitation is controlled by diffusion of sulfate and aluminum from the wall rock to the fracture, with aluminum provided by the dissolution of albite. Calcite precipitation is controlled by diffusion of carbonate from the wall rock. Extents of porosity sealing along the fracture and in the fracture-wall rock interface depend on assumptions regarding flow velocity and composition of the high-pH solution. The multiple episodes of fracture sealing and reactivation evidenced in the fracture infills were not included in the simulations. Results can qualitatively reproduce the reported decrease in porosity in the fractures and in the wall rock next to the fractures. Instances of porosity increase next to fractures caused by carbonate dissolution were not reproduced by the calculations.     

塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡西段石炭系生屑灰岩段旋回划分及意义

从露头剖面及钻井岩芯、电性特征入手,结合区域地质背景认为:麦盖提斜坡西段石炭系生屑灰岩段横向展布相对稳定,夹在上下两套泥岩(或膏质泥岩)之间,呈连续沉积过渡,电测曲线为低伽玛值、高电阻率值,形态总体呈箱形。生屑灰岩段在岩性、电性特征上均具明显的成段性,自下而上具有四次旋回性(相当于五级层序)。Ⅰ旋回层主要为灰质云岩夹膏质灰岩、泥质云岩,电阻率、自然伽玛曲线呈漏斗型,与下伏及上覆地层均呈突变过渡;Ⅱ旋回层主要为含泥灰岩、泥晶灰岩,自然伽玛、电阻率曲线均呈鼓型、箱型特征,与上覆地层呈突变过渡,电阻率曲线幅值相对较高;Ⅲ旋回层主要为泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩、云质灰岩夹生屑灰岩,电阻率、自然伽玛曲线呈低幅度锯齿型,自然伽玛幅度相对较高,电阻率幅值相对较低,与上覆地层均呈渐变过渡;Ⅳ旋回层以白云岩、灰质云岩为主,电阻率及自然伽玛曲线呈复合钟型特征,与上覆地层均呈突变接触。地层精细划分对比有助于更好地认清生屑灰岩段在纵横向的变化规律,进一步突出有利储集区(琼002—群6井)及有利储集层段(Ⅳ旋回层),为下一步的勘探夯实理论基础。     

深海采矿扬矿泵导叶区域粗颗粒通过特性试验研究

在深海采矿系统中,海底矿石必须经过扬矿泵才能提升到海面船上,但矿石粒径较粗,容易在泵体中形成堵塞,尤其是在扬矿泵导叶区域,因此,研究粗粒在导叶中的运动特性对于保障系统安全工作具有重要意义。针对深海矿物粒径较大的特点,设计并制作了具有宽流道的扬矿泵流道模型,安装于管道输送试验系统。利用高速摄像机对扬矿泵导叶内粗颗粒运动特性进行了记录,并对其运动轨迹、碰撞情况以及颗粒速度等信息进行了分析。结果表明:颗粒在通过导叶区域时,运动轨迹与水流流向基本一致;颗粒与导叶发生碰撞位置主要集中于导叶背面入口处、导叶压力面中部和导叶背面出口处;颗粒粒径越小,跟随性越好,碰撞次数越少。试验结果可为扬矿电泵设计提供参考。     

A new hangingfly (Insecta,Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from the Purbeck Limestone Group (Lower Cretaceous) of southern England and a review of Cretaceous Bittacidae

Rapid radiation of the Bittacidae during the Jurassic resulted in high diversity within this family of Mecoptera. More than 40 species within 23 genera have been described from this period. However, around the end of the Jurassic the abundance and diversity of Bittacidae decreased and only seven species in five genera are known to date from the Cretaceous. A new specimen from the basal Cretaceous of England, Tytthobittacus jarzembowski sp. nov., described here, represents the eighth species and the second fossil representative of this family from the European Cretaceous. This hangingfly belongs to an extant and relictual genus previously known only from Australia. The paper also includes a review of all known Cretaceous bittacids and a re-examination of European species Antiquanabittacus nanus Petrulevičius and Jarzembowski, 2004.