小波边缘分析建模波阻抗反演方法在煤层解释中的应用

受限于地震波主波长的1／4,常规地震处理难以分辨较薄煤层。基于模型的波阻抗反演虽然克服了厚、薄煤层计算问题．但因难以得到准确的高频部分,很多情况下反演结果的精度和分辨率往往不能满足地质预测的要求。小波边缘分析建模波阻抗反演方法是从地震数据中提取地震特征参数,用于建模并参与迭代反演。该方法即可以弥补反演过程中高频成分的误差,减少对钻井数据的依赖程度,得到较为合理的初始模型,又可提高反演的精度和分辨率．使反演结果更好的反映实际地下地质情况。利用该方法,对大井-将军庙及新疆红沙泉2个勘探区的侏罗系中统西山窑组含煤地层进行波阻抗反演,反演结果与钻井资料进行比较,其中大井一将军庙0802及0809号孔单煤层厚度误差分别为3％、8％．新疆红沙泉多煤层厚度及煤层之间的夹层厚度预测结果除B6煤层误差较大外,其它误差均小于7％．可见该反演方法的计算结果比较准确。     

努力提高三维地震勘探精度，为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献

以国家重大产业技术开发专项“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目的由来、意义和总体研究目标为引,概括的介绍了项目依托工程中各个专项技术研究完成情况,并对非均匀介质成像技术、高精度三维地震静校正技术、高密度采集技术、特观技术、岩性反演技术、属性体解释技术等六项重大关键技术取得的突破性进展进行了重点说明。指出随着我国煤炭生产重点的逐步西移,应加强诸如叠前、叠后深度偏移技术的研究,以解决复杂山区三维地震面元内地震反射波散射问题,提高其三维地震勘探精度,为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献!     

SOME NEW UNDERSTANDINGS OF LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES IN ARID AREA FROM THE HEIFE*

The survey for the HEIFE(Atmosphere-Land Surface Processes Experiment at Heihe River Basin,Western China) is given in the paper.The following basic subjects for land-surface processes in arid areas are studied:(1) the general characteristics of the energy budget on ground surface in arid areas;(2) the parameterization of the land surface processes;(3) the interaction between oasis and its desert circumstances,a special phenomenon in arid areas.The analysis shows that the sensible heat flux in the surface energy budget is in the majority,and the latent heat flux may be neglected.The influence of atmospheric stratification stability on the turbulent transfer of energy and substance must be considered in parameterization of land surface processes in arid areas.The "cold island effect" phenomenon in oasis and the "humidity inversion" phenomenon in desert near oasis are the result of the interaction between them.The results would improve the understanding of land surface processes in arid areas.     

新疆地区夏季平流层低层风场特征分析及数值模拟

利用2017年6—8月的FNL再分析资料分析了新疆地区夏季平流层低层风场的时空演变特征，开展了平流层低层风场的高分辨率数值模拟和检验。结果表明：新疆地区夏季平流层纬向风随时间的变化存在经向差异，同时准零风层开始和结束的时间也存在经向差异，准零风层开始时间南部地区早于北部地区，而准零风层结束时间则相反。整个夏季新疆地区上空的准零风层处于70～40 hPa之间，其高度随时间呈先降低而后升高的变化趋势。准零风层数值模拟结果表明，模拟的准零风层参数与探空资料分析结果相比二者存在一致的变化趋势，准零风层起始高度的平均绝对误差为467 m，该高度对应的风速均方根误差为1.75 m/s。     

含煤层地质环境下地震波场的数值模拟

本文对含低速煤层地质环境下弹性波场多波多分量地震资料进行了二维数值模拟研究,对人工边界反射进行了有效处理,频散效应得到了有效的压制,对几种不同激发与观测排列方式下的弹性波资料进行了模型计算与分析。     

Measurements of peroxyacetylnitrate in the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic

The atmospheric concentration of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) was measured during a cruise of the R.S. Polarstern from Bremerhaven (Germany) to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) in September/ October 1988. The measurements were made in-situ by a combination of electron capture gaschromatography with a cryogenic preconcentration step. The theoretical lower limit of detection (3) was 0.4 ppt. The mixing ratios of PAN varied by more than three orders of magnitude from 2000 ppt in the English Channel to less than 0.4 ppt south of the Azores (38° N). South of 35° N, PAN levels were below the detection limit, except at 30–31° S off the eastern coast of South America. Here, PAN mixing ratios of 10 to 100 ppt were detected in continentally influenced air masses. Detectable levels of PAN were mostly observed in air masses of continental or high northern origin. Changes in the wind directions were usually associated with substantial changes in the PAN mixing ratios.     

基于GIS的TM数据分类及辅助制图研究

本文初步研究了遥感、GIS和制图一体化实用技术方法。对黄土丘陵区和沙漠地区TM数据进行了特征信息分析;给出了分层分类和GIS辅助分类结果;经模糊推理和人机交互修改,将提“纯”的遥感专题数据作为GIS的动态信息源,对GIS进行扩充与更新;最后在GIS支持下分层提取专题图并进行辅助制图。     

短周期仪器记录在远震分析中的应用

地震泼由多种频率成份组成,在其传播过程中。由于地球介质的滤波作用,随着传播距离的增大。高频成份逐渐被衰减。周期越大的成份传播越远。因此,在地震观测上,不同频带的地震仪用于观测不同震中距范围的地震,使仪器较好地响应,就我国台网而言,短周期仪用于地方震、近震的监测,中长周期仪和长周期仪用于远震,极远震的监测,其中长周期仪偏重于记录极远震。但作者在实际分析工作中注意到,短周期仪的记录应用于远震,极远震的分析,显示出独特的作用,充分挖掘和利用短仪资料,将会更加丰富远震、极远震的震相资料。本文以高台地震台的资料为依据,从震中距和震级角度,与中长仪和长仪作比较,对短仪记录远震、极远震的震相及特征作了统计分析与初步探讨,并对新疆地区“影区”地震S波的记录、日本地区地震_PPcP等震相的出现提出了现象的存在,给出了相应的观测结果,以待步一步研究。     

Transmission and reflection of Rayleigh waves at a thin low velocity vertical layer: A laboratory and theoretical study

A three-dimensional ultrasonic modelling was used to study the Rayleigh waves reflected from a thin low velocity vertical layer and those transmitted through the same zone. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the Rayleigh waves have been calculated by an approximate method based on the Green function technique. Nonrigid contact boundary conditions were used for the low velocity layer modelling. A rather good correspondence between the theoretical and experimental absolute values of the reflection and the transmission coefficients was obtained. Some discrepancies between experimental and theoretical results, in particular with regard to phase shifts, may be explained by a certain inadequacy of the theoretical model to the low velocity layer investigated by the ultrasonic modelling.     

西安南郊丰水年秋季土壤水分研究

 通过对西安南郊丰水年秋季土壤含水量的测定，研究了地下0~6 m之间土壤含水量的变化与土壤干层的恢复问题。研究结果表明，丰水年西安南郊人工林下2~3 m的土壤含水量在20％左右，远远高于正常年份的土壤含水量，而且大于表层和深层的土壤含水量。分析得出，土壤干层发育较弱的地区在降水丰富的年份可以得到一定程度的恢复；西安地区基本适合进行人工造林；通过人工措施，增强降水入渗和土壤含水量，对树木成活和长期的生长应当具有明显的作用。