Structural Spatial Interaction*

This paper identifies a concept of structural spatial interaction. Although it is defined differently from its counterpart of structural unemployment in economics, it attempts to define a similar idea. In economics, the focus is on equilibrium in the supply and demand of labor. In this paper structural interaction is that which minimizes aggregate distance travelled, subject to constraints on origins and destinations. The structural interaction model produces an equilibrium, therefore, in the supply and demand of movers, while identifying a spatially efficient trip distribution. It is portrayed as a type of relaxed interaction model and is illustrated using an example of structural migration with Canadian interprovincial migration data.     

利用长周期面波研究华北地区地壳与上地幔结构的横向非均匀性

本文以太行山为界将华北地区分为东西两部分,东部为河淮块体,西部为鄂尔多斯块体.利用最小二乘法,从混合路径基阶瑞利面波群速度频散提取两块体的纯路径频散,并反演其地壳、上地幔的层状结构.所得结表果明,两块体的面波频散和地壳、上地幔结构存在明显差异.东部的河淮块体地壳较薄,地壳内平均速度比西部的鄂尔多斯块体壳内平均速度约低0.13km/s,壳内20km深度左右出现低速层;而西部的块体壳内速度成层递增,未见低速层出现.两块体上地幔顶部速度均偏低,地幔低速层的埋藏深度基本相同.但西部块体地幔低速层厚,且比东部块体地幔低速层的速度约低0.3km/s.     

福州地区的Q结构和它的横向不均匀性

本文利用人工爆破地震资料,在频率域中,用波组频谱比方法计算了福州地区的Q结构,结果发现:该区中地壳低速层Q值明显偏低,仅为40——80,且存在横向变化,地壳上部和下部Q均为200左右;福州盆地与永泰——梧桐地段地壳平均Q也明显偏低,且福州盆地中部Q仅120—150,为全区最低值,低Q区与温泉分布和断裂位置有良好的对应关系。     

The dip equator over Peninsular India and its secular movement

A ground geomagnetic survey conducted in peninsular India has demarkated the dip equator for the epoch 1991.0. A well-defined southward migration in the last two decades is evident. The secular trend in the vertical component and the direction of the migration in the India zone are shown to be consistent. The migratory movement of the dip equator in different longitude sectors is compared to highlight the complex nature of the secular trends.     

中国东部地洼阶段应力场与锡成矿

中国东部地壳地洼阶段的热塑性变形应力场有利于锡成矿。构造应力场对锡成矿的控制作用,表现为对成矿域的矿液运移势和能量场的控制。推导获得矿液运移势的计算公式:Vi=-(a·K_0/u)·[exp(σ_1-σ_2)]·(σ_1+σ_2),表明地壳构造应力场对成矿域矿液的运移和成矿部位的选择提供了有利的动力学条件。     

吉尔吉斯北天山地区地震预报研究成果

吉尔吉斯北天山地震活动区建有两个综合预报实验场,15个高灵敏度地震台,7个地磁台,5个地电台,7个地球化学台,6个水动力台,2个自动地震台以及阿拉—阿尔恰地震地球物理观象台和Ⅰ级大地测量网。此外,这里还有苏联科学院高温研究所所属的地电、地磁和光测距台网。该区地震平静期为19—22±6年,地震活动具有周期性特征。强震震源沿北天山地震活动带迁移。文中还确定了与地震酝育相关的地震活动性、地球物理场、地球化学场、水文地球动力学等一系列参数,描述了一系列强震前兆效应;指出了强震发生时间的综合研究的重要意义。     

欧亚地震带地震活动和中国大陆地震

欧亚地震带及其与中国大陆相邻地域的地震活动和中国大陆地震之间存在有多种相关关系，这些相关关系对预测中国大陆地震活动趋势有一定的作用     

东南沿海地震带地震序列特征与迁移规律

研究了中国大陆东南沿海地震带地震的迁移规律和序列特征，以及与台湾地区Ｍｓ≥７．０级地震的关系。所得结果对该带的地震趋势估计有一定的参考意义。     

Migration of lignosulfonates in a karstic-fractured-porous aquifer: History and prognosis for a Zn-Pb mine,Pomorzany, southern Poland

Lignosulfonate lyes, which had been deposited by a paper factory for about 50 years into Quaternary sediments and accumulated in a quasistagnant depression, became mobile when a depression cone caused by mine activity in a deeper aquifer reached the erosion window close to the disposal site. Their transport parameters in the karstic-fractured-porous carbonate aquifer are shown to be mainly governed by diffusion between the mobile water in karstic channels and fractures and the stagnant water in matrix, although the hydraulic conductivity is shown to depend mainly on the karstic system. The main transport velocity is, with a sufficient accuracy, related to the hydraulic conductivity by a simple model in which matrix porosity is the governing rock parameter. The dispersivity, although also governed by matrix diffusion, depends strongly on several parameters that are difficult to determine.