太原市饮用水源地水质评价研究

运用层次分析法对汾河流域静乐县断面、岚县断面及娄烦县断面的水体质量进行评价,并确定水质优劣顺序,为优先污染控制以及水环境决策提供科学依据。评价结果为岚县断面监测水质较好,娄烦县断面次之,静乐县断面监测水质较差。在水质较差的断面应加大环保投入,加强水质管理,从根本上改善流域水质现状。     

孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带差异构造变形及成因

基于野外地质调查和地震资料分析,证实了孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带发育底部和中部两套滑脱层。底部滑脱层在整个褶皱带均发育,而中部滑脱层仅发育于北段—中段的陆上和陆架区,在中段的陆坡-洋盆区及南段则不发育。中部滑脱层的发育受古陆坡富泥沉积控制。北段—中段主要发育滑脱褶皱及被断层突破的滑脱褶皱,而南段主要发育泥底辟和泥火山构造。孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带滑脱层系及构造样式的差异变形特征主要受区域挤压作用、沉积作用以及地层流体超压等方面存在着差异的共同影响。     

Chronology of subduction and collision along the İzmir-Ankara suture in Western Anatolia: records from the Central Sakarya Basin

ABSTRACT

Western Anatolia is a complex assemblage of terranes, including the Sakarya Terrane and the Tauride-Anatolide Platform that collided during the late Cretaceous and Palaeogene (80–25 Ma) after the closure of the Izmir-Ankara Ocean. Determining the precise timing at which this ocean closed is particularly important to test kinematic reconstructions and geodynamic models of the Mediterranean region, and the chronology of suturing and its mechanisms remain controversial. Here, we document the Cretaceous-Eocene sedimentary history of the Central Sakarya Basin, along the northern margin of the Neotethys Ocean, via various approaches including biostratigraphy, geochronology, and sedimentology. Two high-resolution sections from the Central Sakarya Basin show that pelagic carbonate sedimentation shifted to rapid siliciclastic deposition in the early Campanian (~ 79.6 Ma), interpreted to be a result of the build-up of the accretionary prism at the southern margin of the Sakarya Terrane. Rapid onset of deltaic progradation and an increase in accumulation rates in the late Danian (~ 61 Ma), as well as a local angular unconformity are attributed to the onset of collision between the Sakarya Terrane and the Tauride-Anatolide Platform. Thus, our results indicate that though deformation of the subduction margin in Western Anatolia started as early as the Campanian, the closure of the ?zmir-Ankara Ocean was only achieved by the early Palaeocene.     

Cretaceous transgressions and regressions on the Russian Platform, in Crimea and Central Asia

This paper is a brief explanation of the diagrams of the Cretaceous transgressions and regressions on the Russian Platform, in the Crimea (Figures 1–3) and some regions of central Asia—the western flanks of the Tien Shan mountains, the Fergana basin, the Zeravshan-Gissar and Alaj mountains, and the Northern Pamirs (Figures 5–7).Internationally recognized stages are employed. They are interpreted by Sasonova (1967) for the Lower Cretaceous (K₁) of the Russian Platform, by Naidin (1977) for the Upper Cretaceous (K₂) of the Platform and the Crimea, by Djalilov (1971) and Pojarkova (1976) for the Upper Cretaceous of central Asia. General data on the stratigraphy of the Cretaceous of central Asia may be found in Anon 1977.     

Sedimentology and luminescence ages of Glacial Lake Humber deposits in the central Vale of York

The sedimentary sequence through the Hemingbrough Formation exposed at two sites in the central part of the Vale of York, south of the Escrick moraine ridge, is described and used to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental history of Glacial Lake Humber. Interbedded wave ripples and laminated silts and clays at both sites indicate that Lake Humber was characterised by fluctuating water levels, often no deeper than wave base. Optically stimulated luminescence ages of 21.0 ± 1.9, 21.9 ± 2.0, and 24.1 ± 2.2 kyr returned from two wave-rippled sandy beds within the glaciolacustrine sequence at Hemingbrough, c. 10 km south of the Escrick moraine ridge, provide the first direct chronological determination for the low-level phase of Lake Humber. As these beds are principally attributed to glacial meltwater emanating from the Vale of York ice lobe of the British Ice Sheet, when its margin was at or near the Escrick moraine ridge, this corroborates the interpretation that this ridge marks the LGM ice limit.     

Structural Evolution of the Eastern Qiulitagh Fold and Thrust Belt,Northern Tarim Basin,China

The eastern Qiulitagh fold and thrust belt (EQFTB) is part of the active Kuqa fold and thrust belts of the northern Tarim Basin. Seismic reflection profiles have been integrated with surface geologic and drill data to examine the deformation and structure style of the EQFTB, particularly the deformational history of the Dina 2 gas field. Seismic interpretations suggest that Dongqiu 8 is overall a duplex structure developed beneath a passive roof thrust, which generated from a tipline in the Miocene Jidike Formation, and the sole thrust was initiated from the same Jidike Formation evaporite zone that extends westward beneath the Kuqatawu anticline. Dongqiu 5 is a pop-up structure at the western part of the EQFTB, also developed beneath the Jidike Formation evaporite. Very gentle basement dip and steep dipping topographic slope in the EQFTB suggest that the Jidike Formation salt provides effective decoupling. The strong deformation in the EQFTB appears to have developed further south, in an area where evaporite may be lacking. Since the Pliocene, the EQFTB has moved farther south over the evaporite and reached the Yaken area. Restoring a balanced cross-section suggests that the minimum shortening across the EQFTB is more than 7800 m. Assuming that this shortening occurred during the 5.3 Ma timespan, the shortening rate is approximately 1.47 mm/year.     

太湖湖滨带类型划分及生态修复模式研究

太湖湖滨带岸线总长405 km,73%以上被防洪大堤所包围,其余部分临近山体,属于典型的大堤型湖滨带.按照湖滨带地形地貌分为大堤型、山坡型、河口型三类,根据水文条件和露滩情况,又将大堤型分为长期露滩、间歇露滩、无滩地型,山坡型分为有滩地型、无滩地型,形成6种类型的湖滨带.根据以上太湖湖滨带划分类型,结合湖滨带生境、气候、水文条件以及植被分布现状等因素,分别采取生态保育、生态修复、生态重建的对策,设计了不同类型的太湖湖滨带生态修复模式,并分别提供了形象的修复模式示意图,以期为太湖及其类似湖滨带的生态修复提供一定的借鉴.     

宁芜盆地钟姑矿田典型铁矿成矿岩体Hf-O同位素特征及地质意义

钟姑矿田位于宁芜盆地南部,受矿田内格状构造控制产出一系列早白垩世(129~132Ma)闪长岩及二长岩类侵入体,与铁矿床的形成密切相关,而区域内成矿岩体的研究尤其是岩浆岩的起源和演化有待进一步探讨。本次工作以矿田内的姑山辉石闪长玢岩、龙山辉石闪长岩、白象山闪长岩、钟九闪长岩和太平山二长岩等与铁成矿有关的岩体为研究对象,开展LA-ICP-MS原位锆石Hf同位素和SHRIMP原位O同位素研究。结果显示,钟姑矿田各成矿岩体具有较一致的锆石Hf-O同位素组成,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf值为0.282425~0.282695,εHf(t)值为-12.3~-3.9,tDM2范围在1.26~1.86Ga;锆石δ18O集中于3.34‰~8.05‰,捕获锆石的176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282324~0.282487,εHf(t)=-15.8~-10.1,锆石tDM2年龄在1.72~20.8Ga之间,锆石δ~(18)O相对集中于5.90‰~6.51‰。钟姑矿田岩浆岩起源于富集的岩石圈地幔,同位素特征指示其携带板块俯冲和蚀变洋壳信息,钟姑矿田的成岩成矿作用应与伸展背景下古太平洋板块俯冲有关。与长江中下游其他矿集区岩浆岩对比研究表明,包括宁芜在内的长江中下游地区岩浆岩具有相同的地幔源区,以铁矿床为主的宁芜和庐枞盆地岩浆岩源区成分以交代岩石圈地幔为主,而以铜陵、繁昌为代表的铜多金属成矿区的岩浆岩受长江中下游新元古代基底的更多影响。     

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of Jurassic–Cretaceous diapiric structures: Miravete anticline,Maestrat Basin,Spain

Integration of extensive fieldwork, remote sensing mapping and 3D models from high-quality drone photographs relates tectonics and sedimentation to define the Jurassic–early Albian diapiric evolution of the N–S Miravete anticline, the NW-SE Castel de Cabra anticline and the NW-SE Cañada Vellida ridge in the Maestrat Basin (Iberian Ranges, Spain). The pre shortening diapiric structures are defined by well-exposed and unambiguous halokinetic geometries such as hooks and flaps, salt walls and collapse normal faults. These were developed on Triassic salt-bearing deposits, previously misinterpreted because they were hidden and overprinted by the Alpine shortening. The Miravete anticline grew during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous and was rejuvenated during Cenozoic shortening. Its evolution is separated into four halokinetic stages, including the latest Alpine compression. Regionally, the well-exposed Castel de Cabra salt anticline and Cañada Vellida salt wall confirm the widespread Jurassic and Early Cretaceous diapiric evolution of the Maestrat Basin. The NE flank of the Cañada Vellida salt wall is characterized by hook patterns and by a 500-m-long thin Upper Jurassic carbonates defining an upturned flap, inferred as the roof of the salt wall before NE-directed salt extrusion. A regional E-W cross section through the Ababuj, Miravete and Cañada-Benatanduz anticlines shows typical geometries of salt-related rift basins, partly decoupled from basement faults. These structures could form a broader diapiric region still to be investigated. In this section, the Camarillas and Fortanete minibasins displayed well-developed bowl geometries at the onset of shortening. The most active period of diapiric growth in the Maestrat Basin occurred during the Early Cretaceous, which is also recorded in the Eastern Betics, Asturias and Basque-Cantabrian basins. This period coincides with the peak of eastward drift of the Iberian microplate, with speeds of 20 mm/year. The transtensional regime is interpreted to have played a role in diapiric development.     

西宁盆地咸水湖相沉积型富硒土壤的形成机理及意义

通过对西宁盆地土壤和岩石Se的调查分析发现,古近系西宁组和白垩系民和组岩石及发育的土壤中Se值最高,是西宁盆地土壤主要的富硒母质。进一步结合西宁盆地退缩过程中的古地理资料,西宁盆地由干旱炎热的咸水湖相到湿润冷凉的咸水—淡水湖相对应沉积了古近系西宁组和新近系贵德群,Se在咸水湖边界和干旱炎热的咸水湖相环境的共同作用下,并经地貌、水系等改造,形成了西宁盆地咸水湖相沉积型富硒土壤的现有格局。该类型富硒土壤有重金属低、Se含量适中、有效Se高等优势,具有较好的开发利用价值。