热带太平洋表面水中CO_2对ElNio事件响应的数值模拟

文中用一个带生物泵的三维全球海洋碳循环模式模拟了热带太平洋表面水中 CO2 总量(TCO2 )在 El Nino和 La Nina事件期间的变化。试验结果表明 ,西北太平洋 (0～ 2 0°N,1 2 0～1 50°E)和赤道中东太平洋 (1 0°S～ 1 0°N,1 50°E～ 90°W)两个海区在 El Nino事件期间表面水TCO2 和海气分压差 (ΔPCO2 )的变化十分显著。El Nino期间 ,西北太平洋 TCO2 和 ΔPCO2 都增加 ;赤道中东太平洋 TCO2 和 ΔPCO2 都减少 ;La Nina期间 ,它们的变化与 El Nino期间相反。模拟的El Nino期间热带太平洋表面水中 TCO2 和 ΔPCO2 的变化趋势与观测事实吻合得较好。     

Comparison of volcanic rifts on La Palma and El Hierro, Canary Islands and the Island of Hawaii

The meso-scale (km) morphology of the well-studied volcanic rift zones on the Island of Hawaii is compared to the morphology of the lesser known rift zones of La Palma and El Hierro, Canary Islands. We find that there are both differences and similarities in their morphologic characteristics. In general, the rift zones on La Palma and El Hierro are shorter (a few tens of km in length) than those on Hawaii (ranging up to >100 km in length), perhaps reflecting both magma supply and composition. Many of the rift zones on Hawaii have well defined axial zones, both on-and offshore. In contrast, the rift zones on La Palma and El Hierro display various geometries ranging from linear ridges having smooth to irregular crests to structures with a broad fan-like morphology in plan view. The pronounced fanning may be a reflection of: 1) the stress field within the rift being insufficient to trap dikes within a narrow region, 2) dike injection and volcanism shifting laterally through time, 3) volcanoes building nearly one atop of another in the Canary Islands, superimposing the stress field of one structure on the other and thus yielding a more complex distribution of gravitational stresses, and 4) low rate of magma supply producing low magma pressures and thus randomly oriented dike injections. Irregularities and curvature along the axes of the rifts on La Palma and El Hierro may be a reflection of differences in the rate of magma production. Unlike the volcanoes on the Island of Hawaii there may be insufficient volumes of lavas erupted on La Palma and El Hierro to smooth out irregularities. The superposition of rifts from different volcanoes may also add to topographic irregularities in the Canary Islands, especially if eruption rates are low.     

Detection of Vibrio (Listonella) Anguillarum Porin Homologue Proteins and Their Source Bacteria from Coastal Seawater

The molecular distribution of dissolved proteins in seawater from coastal marine environments in Uranouchi Bay, Kochi Prefecture, is first reported in this article. Occurrence of bacteria-derived dissolved proteins and their source bacteria were examined using a probe of the antibody (anti-Omp35La) against a porin outer membrane protein (Omp35La) of the fish pathogenic bacterium Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum. The electrophoretograms of dissolved proteins from coastal seawater showed a large number of discrete and individual proteins overlapped each other over a wide range of molecular masses indicating active processes in coastal environments in transferring proteins from organisms to the inanimate dissolved protein pool. Among the dissolved proteins, 37 kDa- and 18 kDa-proteins reacted with the Omp35La. In order to isolate the source bacteria of such dissolved proteins, bacteria from seawater and diseased fish were screened by colony Western blotting with anti-Omp35La. The reactive strains were further examined in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)/Western blotting to verify the presence of Omp35La homologues among the outer membrane proteins of such strains. Outer membrane proteins reacting with anti-Omp35La were detected in only 4 strains of the 129 strains that were positive in the colony Western blotting. The level of possible source bacteria of 37 kDa- and 18 kDa-dissolved proteins was suggested to be 5–6 orders of magnitude lower than the total bacterial count. The present study leads us to hypothesize that a minor portion of the bacterial assemblage is responsible for the dissolved proteins in the coastal waters.     

Frequent central Pacific La Ni?a events may accelerate Arctic warming since the 1980s

Including significant warming trend, Arctic climate changes also exhibit strong interannual variations in various fields, which is suggested to be related to El...     

太平洋海面粗糙度的计算及在ENSO期间的变化

利用TOPEX高度计风速资料,实现了对太平洋海面粗糙度(z0)的计算。1997~1999年正是厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜事件发生时期,作者研究了1997~1999年z0在ENSO期间的变化后发现:(1)EI Nion发生期间赤道附近z0最大值在A,C,B 3个站点上移动;最小值在B,A 2个站点上移动。(2)Li Nina发生期间赤道附近z0最小值在A站点,最大值主要在B站点上。Li Nina发生期间,1999年15个站点z0均大于正常年份和EI Nion发生期间的15个站点z0。(3)ENSO期间,四季z0与正常年份相比都有显著改变。     

2010 年拉尼娜事件发生的动力机制研究

利用"LASG/IAP气候系统海洋模式"(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model,简称LICOM海洋模式)和全球简单海洋资料同化分析系统产成的SODA(simple ocean model assimilation)资料研究了2010年拉尼娜事件发生的动力机制。结果表明,2010年拉尼娜事件发生于2010年6月,是继2009年厄尔尼诺事件之后发生的一次较为特殊的一次冷事件,该事件将持续到2011年;该事件主要是由2010年西边界反射的东传上升Kelvin波和西太平洋异常东风激发的,而赤道太平洋纬向流异常在该事件的形成过程中也起着非常重要的作用。通过对本次拉尼娜事件动力机制和发生发展过程的研究分析,进一步加深了对拉尼娜事件动力机制的了解,同时对拉尼娜事件的预报及防灾减灾有重要意义。     

Mineralogical,petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence for the link between boiling and epithermal Ag-Au mineralization in the La Luz area,Guanajuato Mining District,México

Theoretical, experimental and observation data provide strong evidence that boiling is the dominant depositional mechanism in many low to intermediate sulfidation epithermal precious metals deposits. Textural and petrographic features that are evidence for boiling in the epithermal environment include the presence of coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich fluid inclusions, assemblages consisting of only vapor-rich fluid inclusions, colloform quartz, adularia and bladed calcite. We have examined 213 samples collected from surface outcrops, underground workings and drill cores from the central part of the La Luz vein system in the Guanajuato mining district, Mexico. In each sample, the various features that are evidence of boiling have been recorded. These observations have been quantified using a Boiling Confidence Factor that provides a means of scoring and rating each sample or area relative to the likelihood that boiling occurred.Homogenization temperatures of liquid-rich fluid inclusions within assemblages of coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich fluid inclusions have been measured to estimate the depth of trapping of the inclusions, and these data have been used to estimate the depth to the 300 °C isotherm along the La Luz vein system.Fluid inclusions and mineral textural features show strong evidence of boiling in the deepest levels sampled in the La Luz system. This observation suggests that the bottom of the boiling zone is at some depth beneath the deepest levels explored and opens the potential for additional resources at depth.     

“拉尼娜”非典型影响下的新疆2021/2022年冬季气温

2021/2022年冬季新疆大部气温偏高,影响新疆冷空气活动频次少,并非拉尼娜事件对新疆冬季气温的典型影响特征。成因分析表明：2021/2022年冬季北极涛动（AO）为正位相,欧亚中高纬度500 h Pa位势高度西高东低,新疆上空700 hPa南风距平优势明显。2021/2022年冬季“拉尼娜”非典型影响新疆气温的原因主要来自于东部型弱拉尼娜事件对北大西洋涛动（NAO）和亚洲极涡面积的非典型影响,而对亚洲极涡面积的非典型影响是来自东部型拉尼娜事件对冬季AO的不确定性影响,冬季AO正位相有利于新疆气温正距平。2月300 hPa区域纬向风异常偏弱,削弱了NAO正位相对新疆气温的影响;70°E以东中纬度高度场负距平是冬季气温阶段性变化的原因之一。     

Benthic macrofauna–habitat associations in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA

Estuary-wide benthic macrofauna–habitat associations in Willapa Bay, Washington, United States, were determined for 4 habitats (eelgrass [Zostera marina], Atlantic cordgrass [Spartina alterniflora], mud shrimp [Upogebia pugettensis], ghost shrimp [Neotrypaea californiensis]) in 1996 and 7 habitats (eelgrass, Atlantic cordgrass, mud shrimp, ghost shrimp, oyster [Crassostrea gigas], bare mud/sand, subtidal) in 1998. Most benthic macrofaunal species inhabited multiple habitats; however, 2 dominants, a fanworm, Manayunkia aestuarina, in Spartina, and a sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus, in subtidal, were rare or absent in all other habitats. Benthic macrofaunal Bray–Curtis similarity varied among all habitats except eelgrass and oyster. There were significant differences among habitats within- and between-years on several of the following ecological indicators: mean number of species (S), abundance (A), biomass (B), abundance of deposit (AD), suspension (AS), and facultative (AF) feeders, Swartz's index (SI), Brillouin's index (H), and jackknife estimates of habitat species richness (HSR). In the 4 habitats sampled in both years, A was about 2.5× greater in 1996 (a La Niña year) than 1998 (a strong El Niño year) yet relative values of S, A, B, AD, AS, SI, and H among the habitats were not significantly different, indicating strong benthic macrofauna–habitat associations despite considerable climatic and environmental variability. In general, the rank order of habitats on indicators associated with high diversity and productivity (high S, A, B, SI, H, HSR) was eelgrass = oyster ≥ Atlantic cordgrass ≥ mud shrimp ≥ bare mud/sand ≥ ghost shrimp = subtidal. Vegetation, burrowing shrimp, and oyster density and sediment %silt + clay and %total organic carbon were generally poor, temporally inconsistent predictors of ecological indicator variability within habitats. The benthic macrofauna–habitat associations in this study can be used to help identify critical habitats, prioritize habitats for environmental protection, index habitat suitability, assess habitat equivalency, and as habitat value criteria in ecological risk assessments in Willapa Bay.     

青岛和烟台滨海海、气温差的时间变化

本文根据近３０ａ来青岛和烟台逐月气温及滨海水温资料，分析了青岛和烟台海、气温差的时间变化，发现秋、冬季节南岸青岛海、气温差大于北岸烟台；春、夏季则相反．通常当年平均或季平均气温为负距平时，年平均或冬季平均海、气温差为正距平，而夏季平均海、气温差为负距平，对于ＥｌＮｉｎｏ及反ＥｌＮｉｎｏ年结论与之相反．