浅海伸缩套管钻探工艺研究

浅海取心钻探中钻遇易坍塌地层时,需要下放套管封隔地层,保证泥浆循环,换径继续钻进。现有常规下套管方法为使用带有钻台层甲板和套管层甲板的钻井船进行下放套管作业,部分无套管层甲板钻井船在遇到必须下套管的工况时,需临时搭建套管层平台进行下放套管作业,但受钻机和钻具体积及质量的限制。为解决无套管层甲板的钻井船在海洋钻探取心时需要下入套管的难题,设计了一种海洋钻探下入多层套管的工艺方法,利用可伸缩套管及相关设备,在海底井口与小型钻井船之间建立泥浆上返通道,封隔不稳定地层,实现泥浆回收循环及钻具升沉补偿。在钻井过程中,伸缩套管还可以起到导向定位的作用,防止潮差水流流速变化影响钻具下入,为浅海钻井节省时间和成本。     

基于ZigBee技术的无线气象数据采集系统的设计与实现

随着各类新型气象观测要素的增加,自动气象观测场线缆的数量也随之增加,从而提高了系统的故障率;由于大部分观测场都采用地下布线,使得后期维护或维修十分不便。文章设计了一套基于ZigBee技术的无线气象数据采集系统,介绍了系统的总体设计方案和ZigBee模块的硬件电路,同时对协调节点ZigBee网络组建、数据接收及传输到服务器端环节进行了软件设计;最后对采集系统进行了对比观测,观测结果显示：系统能稳定地将各传感器的数据实时、准确地传输到服务器端,实现了气象数据在ZigBee无线网中的采集。     

成都、重庆城市热岛效应特征对比

随着我国内陆地区城市化进程的加快,部分城市热岛效应的强度及范围都显著增强。应用MODIS地表温度数据从时空两个角度对成都、重庆两市的城市热岛效应现状及其演变进行对比分析。研究结果表明：①成都和重庆市的城市热岛效应明显,成都和重庆市热岛强度分别可达到4.32 ℃和3.11 ℃。空间上,成都市的城市热岛效应呈现环状分布特征;而重庆市呈现西北高东南低的分布特征;②4个季节中,春季成都、重庆的热岛强度分别为4.32 ℃和3.11 ℃,远高于其他3季的热岛强度;而春、秋、冬季成都的热岛强度都强于重庆;③年际变化来看,成都、重庆两地城市热岛效应范围在10年间呈现扩大趋势。其中成都弱热岛和中等热岛的范围有所减小,强热岛和极强热岛分布范围则有明显扩大;相反,重庆弱热岛和中等热岛的范围扩大,强热岛和极强热岛分布范围则明显减小。     

The role of international business in clean technology transfer and development

While research has generated very useful insights, usually at the macro level, regarding the multifaceted nature of environmental innovation and regulation, the characteristics and drivers peculiar to international companies have remained underexposed in the policy-related literature on clean technology transfer and development. This article aims to help open the ‘black box’ of business, also as input for future policy making, by discussing aspects that influence corporate responses: sector-specific and company-specific peculiarities as well as those related to country contexts (both origin countries and host countries for companies). Most of the climate-related investments in ‘developing’ countries turn out to have been geared to a few emerging economies, generally involving established technologies with limited transfer, and a major role for developed-country utilities, particularly from Europe. Despite these limitations, there is a base with experience being built up, and a potential for extension to lesser-developed areas, but that requires market co-creation by joint business and governmental efforts. As viable business models are largely lacking, the article suggests three main modalities, ranging from fully commercial to primarily publicly funded, involving different types of actors and countries. Gearing policies more towards corporate realities and reaping the international momentum of sustainable energy might also further climate goals.     

Technology transfer in the CDM: an updated analysis

The prevalence of technology transfer (TT) for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects is analysed, based on information in the project design documents (PDDs) of 3949 projects registered as of 31 March 2012. Responses to a follow-up survey indicate that the PDD statements that concern TT are reasonably accurate and at least 39% of the related projects are expected to involve it. Technology transfer is very heterogeneous across project types and is more common for larger projects. It also usually involves both knowledge and equipment and differs significantly by host country. Technology transfer has declined over time in China, India, and Brazil, the countries that host most of the CDM projects, but it has remained high for other host countries. A host country's existing capacity specific to the technology, the scope for economic deployment of the technology, and complementary policies to build capacity and promote TT, increase the frequency of TT by CDM projects. The technology used by CDM projects originates mostly from Germany, the US, Japan, Denmark, and China, with multiple suppliers of the technology for all project types.     

基于移动多核GPU的并行二维DCT变换实现方法

传统的基于CPU的串行程序所实现的二维DCT变换算法时间复杂度高变换效率低,难以满足许多应用的实时要求。特别是在当代以嵌入式处理器为核心的移动端信息处理终端,有限的CPU性能更加难以实现快速的DCT变换。值得欣慰的是新一代嵌入式处理器提供了支持GPGPU技术的GPU,为解决复杂的移动计算问题提供了高效的并行化解决途径。基于最新的ARM Cortex-A15内嵌GPU Mali-T604及Open CL框架设计实现了一种针对二维DCT变换的并行化加速方案并实测了优化效果,实验结果表明文中的并行方案能够提高二维DCT变换的效率,在输入数据量足够大的条件下能够达到近20倍的加速比。     

在线巡查技术在土地变更调查中的应用研究

在线巡查技术是指巡查人员通过移动终端连接服务器在线交互数据的一项技术,是近年来逐步发展应用于土地执法较为成熟的技术,对于需要外业调查以及室内审核的项目同样具有很好的应用效果。随着技术和装备的不断更新,全国土地变更调查工作也在提出新的要求,为适应新的形式,广东省首次利用已建成的省级在线巡查系统辅助开展县(市、区)土地变更调查,本文对省级在线巡查系统设计模式应用于土地变更调查工作进行了深入的分析和研究。     

Detecting subpixel deciduous components to complement traditional land cover classifications in Southwest Finland

To ensure successful conservation of ecological and cultural landscape values, detailed and up-to-date spatial information of existing habitat patterns is essential. However, traditional satellite-based and raster classifications rely on pixels that are assigned to a single category and often generalized. For many fragmented key habitats, such a strategy is too coarse and complementary data is needed. In this paper, we aim at detecting pixel-wise fractional coverage of broadleaved woodland and grassland components in a hemiboreal landscape. This approach targets ecologically relevant deciduous fractions and complements traditional crisp land cover classifications. We modeled fractional components using a k-NN approach, which was based on multispectral satellite data, assisted by a digital elevation model and a contemporary map database. The modeled components were then analyzed based on landscape structure indicators, and evaluated in conjunction with CORINE classification. The results indicate that both broadleaved forest and grassland components are widely distributed in the study area, principally organized as transition zones and small patches. Landscape structure indicators show a substantial variation based on the fractional threshold, pinpointing their dependency on the classification scheme and grain. The modeled components, on the other hand, suggest high internal variation for most CORINE classes, indicating their heterogeneous appearance and showing that the presence of deciduous components in the landscape are not properly captured in a coarse land cover classification. To gain a realistic perception of the landscape, and use this information for the needs of spatial planning, both fractional results and existing land cover classifications are needed. This is because they mutually contribute to an improved understanding of habitat patterns and structures, and should be used to complement each other.     

传统民居聚落智能化管理与移动旅游自助服务系统研究

随着旅游经济的快速发展,传统民居聚落环境正遭受着来自各方面的破坏和压力,这对传统历史文化的传承和弘扬影响深远。如何有效、科学地管理和保护特色鲜明的传统民居聚落这一载体已成为迫切需要解决的问题之一。针对传统民居聚落街巷机理特点,创新性地提出了集成GIS、360°全景影像、移动测图系统(mobile mapping system,MMS)、航空摄影测量、全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)测量和移动物联网等多技术协同的传统民居聚落基础环境数据采集方法和工艺流程,以及基于Geodatabase和Postgre SQL的传统民居聚落特色的多源空间数据存储解决方案,并开发出一套功能完备的传统民居聚落智能化管理系统与移动旅游自助服务系统。实证表明,该系统显著提高了传统民居聚落管理智能化和旅游服务信息化水平。     

基于Silverlight技术的插件式GIS Server架构研究

针对传统WebGIS开发复杂度高,交互体验贫乏,扩展性差,运行效率低等不足,提出基于Silverlight技术的插件式GIS Server架构设计方案。对RIA/Silverlight技术和Flex技术进行比较,并提出基于Silverlight技术的插件式GIS Server架构模型,对实现该架构的插件技术进行详细阐述。以阜新市旅游地理信息系统的开发为例,验证此架构的可行性。