运用水平定向钻进技术实施管道更换的新方法

结合工程实例,介绍了运用非开挖水平定向钻进技术实施原有管道更换的新技术,对旧有管道的更换探索一条经济可行的便捷之路,具有借鉴意义。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯铟中铁

建立了基于碰撞/反应池（CCT）技术的电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定高纯铟中铁元素的方法。在CCT模式下,有效地消除了如⁴⁰Ar¹⁶O等多原子离子对待测元素的干扰,不分离基体就可直接测定铁。方法检出限为0.06ng/mL,精密度（RSD,n=11）<8%,回收率为94.0%～102.1%。方法与现行的国家标准分析方法相比,操作简便、高效。     

Use of USLE/GIS technology integrated with geostatistics to assess soil erosion risk in different land uses of Indagi Mountain Pass—Çankırı, Turkey

The universal soil loss equation (USLE) is an erosion model to estimate average soil loss that would generally result from splash, sheet, and rill erosion from agricultural plots. Recently, use of USLE has been extended as a useful tool predicting soil losses and planning control practices by the effective integration of the GIS-based procedures to estimate the factor values on a grid cell basis. This study was performed for five different lands uses of Indağı Mountain Pass, Cankırı to predict the soil erosion risk by the USLE/GIS methodology for planning conservation measures in the site. Of the USLE factors, rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (USLE-R) and topographic factor (USLE-LS) were greatly involved in GIS. These were surfaced by correcting USLE-R site-specifically using DEM and climatic data and by evaluating USLE-LS by the flow accumulation tool using DEM and watershed delineation tool to consider the topographical and hydrological effects on the soil loss. The study assessed the soil erodibility factor (USLE-K) by randomly sampled field properties by geostatistical analysis. Crop management factor for different land-use/land cover type and land use (USLE-C) was assigned to the numerical values from crop and flora type, canopy and density of five different land uses, which are plantation, recreational land, cropland, forest and grassland, by means of reclassifying digital land use map available for the site. Support practice factor (USLE-P) was taken as a unit assuming no erosion control practices. USLE/GIS technology together with the geostatistics combined these major erosion factors to predict average soil loss per unit area per unit time. Resulting soil loss map revealed that spatial average soil loss in terms of the land uses were 1.99, 1.29, 1.21, 1.20, 0.89 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the cropland, grassland, recreation, plantation and forest, respectively. Since the rate of soil formation was expected to be so slow in Central Anatolia of Turkey and any soil loss of more than 1 ton ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ over 50–100 years was considered as irreversible for this region, soil erosion in the Indağı Mountain Pass, to the great extent, attained the irreversible state, and these findings should be very useful to take mitigation measures in the site.     

基于3D-GIS的抽水蓄能电厂动态监控与仿真技术研究

文中针对抽水蓄能电厂运营信息化建设的需求与现状,依托高精度三维建模技术、设备动态监控、虚拟仿真等技术,对抽水蓄能电厂进行全方位、多视角的精细测绘与三维建模,同时集成电厂现有系统资源,搭建动态监控与仿真一体化平台,解决目前抽水蓄能电厂信息展现不集中、不直观的缺陷,为电厂三维信息化建设提供新型的解决方案。     

无人机自主着陆图像识别压缩技术研究

近些年来,随着遥感测绘需求日益增加,测绘型旋翼无人机的使用变得愈加频繁。测绘型旋翼无人机以其独特的气动性能及应用特点,使得其与固定翼无人机可以共同应用于航片拍摄。目前,由于地形及地域等多重因素的影响,测绘型旋翼无人机在执行任务期间经常遇到气流扰动、遥控信号干扰、GPS辅助信号中断等意外情况,需要应用其自主模式进行辅助着陆。而要实现自主着陆首先需要解决的是无人机对地面着陆地标的识别处理等一系列问题,本文就相关的图像识别压缩技术进行设计研究。     

重庆两江新区建设变化监测技术体系研究

以重庆市第一次地理国情普查成果为基础,结合历史存档的多期航空、航天影像资料及相关部门专题数据资料,开展重庆两江新区建设变化监测技术体系研究,为新区建设的监管提供支撑。     

The Cost(s) of Geospatial Open Data

The provision of open data by governments at all levels has rapidly increased over recent years. Given that one of the dominant motivations for the provision of open data is to generate ‘value’, both economic and civic, there are valid concerns over the costs incurred in this pursuit. Typically, costs of open data are framed as internal to the data providing government. Building on the strong history of GIScience research on data provision via spatial data infrastructures, this article considers both the direct and indirect costs of open data provision, framing four main areas of indirect costs: citizen participation challenges, uneven provision across geography and user types, subsidy of private sector activities, and the creation of inroads for corporate influence on government. These areas of indirect cost lead to the development of critical questions, including constituency, purpose, enablement, protection, and priorities. These questions are posed as a guide to governments that provide open data in addressing the indirect costs of open data.     

培养创新能力的学科竞赛体系构建

空间信息与数字技术是一门创新性、实践性都很强的专业,涵盖了地理、测绘和计算机等的相关知识;学科竞赛有常规教学不可及的创新教育功能,对培养学生创新实践能力有举足轻重的作用。针对近年来学科竞赛中显现的问题,该文以厦门理工学院空间信息与数字技术专业为例,提出了以创新能力培养为导向的多层次学科竞赛保障体系。结合培养方案和专业建设,面向不同学习阶段学生的知识结构,具体给出了不同参赛层次。将学科竞赛贯穿大学教育始终,反馈并丰富实践教学,切实培养大学生的创新精神和实践能力。     

会泽黑颈鹤自然保护区管理系统的设计与实现

为了实时掌握保护区珍稀动物的分布、生长情况和数量信息,该文以会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区为研究对象,基于移动GIS和WebGIS技术构建会泽自然保护区信息管理系统。该系统以高清遥感影像为数据支持,将ArcGIS Server地图缓存技术融入其中,通过移动GIS进行自然保护区巡护信息采集并上传到后台服务器,采用WebGIS技术在网络客户端实时对后台服务器数据进行下载更新,从而实现移动端和网络端的信息同步。应用效果表明这种移动化、网络化的数据采集和管理模式,使自然保护区保护黑颈鹤及其越冬地的湿地生态环境工作更加科学、合理。     

基于Geomagic的复杂实体三维点云建模研究

研究了在Geomagic环境中通过三维点云数据重建三维实体模型的过程,详细介绍了复杂实体点云数据在Geomagic中点云数据处理的全过程,包括点云匹配、点云预处理、封装形成三角面、在多边形阶段破洞修补以及优化处理,最终生成了NURBS曲面。三维重建过程表明,在Geomagic中重建三维模型不仅效率高、精度高,而且软件易于操作。本文涉及的数据处理方法也可以用于三维激光扫描技术在数字矿山、数字城市中应用。